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Debian 10 currently isn’t a supported platform for ARM64 packages for MongoDB 5.0. There is an open request to Support Debian 10 (Buster) on ARM64 which you can watch & upvote.
However, if you are trying to install MongoDB 5.0 on a Raspberry Pi there is a further caveat: MongoDB 5.0+ packages on arm64 require the ARMv8.2-A or later microarchitecture, which means the precompiled binaries (if available for your O/S) would not run on current Raspberry Pi models.
The workaround is to either build from source (cross-compiling highly recommended) or to install the MongoDB 4.4 ARM64 packages. For more discussion see Core dump on MongoDB 5.0 on RPi 4 - #14 by Stennie_X.
Regards,
Stennie