Connect to MongoDB

MongoClient

You can connect to and communicate with MongoDB using the MongoClient class.

Use the MongoClients.create() method to construct a MongoClient.

All resource usage limits, such as max connections, apply to individual MongoClient instances.

To learn about the different settings you can use to control the behavior of your MongoClient, see the guide on MongoClient Settings.

Connection URI

The connection URI provides a set of instructions that the driver uses to connect to a MongoDB deployment. It instructs the driver on how it should connect to MongoDB and how it should behave while connected. The following figure explains each part of a sample connection URI:

In this example, you connect to an Atlas MongoDB deployment that has a DNS SRV record. For more details, see the DNS Seed List Connection Format documentation. This format offers flexibility in deployment and the ability to change the servers in rotation without reconfiguring clients.

If you are connecting to an instance or replica set that does not have a DNS SRV address, you must use mongodb for the protocol, which specifies the Standard Connection String Format.

After the protocol, the connection string contains your credentials if you are using a password-based authentication mechanism. Replace the value of user with your username and pass with your password. If your authentication mechanism does not require credentials, omit this part of the connection URI.

The next part of the connection URI specifies the hostname or IP address, followed by the port of your MongoDB instance. In the example, sample.host represents the hostname and 27017 is the port number. Replace these values to refer to your MongoDB instance.

The last part of the connection URI contains connection options as parameters. In the example, you set two connection options: maxPoolSize=20 and w=majority. For more information on connection options, skip to the Connection Options section of this guide.

Atlas Connection Example

To connect to a MongoDB deployment on Atlas, create a client. You can create a client that uses your connection string and other client options by passing a MongoClientSettings object to the MongoClients.create() method.

To instantiate a MongoClientSettings object, use the builder method to specify your connection string and any other client options, and then call the build() method. Chain the applyConnectionString() method to the builder to specify your connection URI.

You can set the Stable API version client option to avoid breaking changes when you upgrade to a new version of MongoDB Server. To learn more about the Stable API feature, see the Stable API page.

The following code shows how you can specify the connection string and the Stable API client option when connecting to a MongoDB deployment on Atlas and verify that the connection is successful:

package fundamentals;
import com.mongodb.*;
import org.bson.BsonDocument;
import org.bson.BsonInt64;
import org.bson.Document;
import org.bson.conversions.Bson;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoClients;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
public class MongoClientConnectionExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Replace the placeholder with your Atlas connection string
        String uri = "<connection string>";
        // Construct a ServerApi instance using the ServerApi.builder() method
        ServerApi serverApi = ServerApi.builder()
                .version(ServerApiVersion.V1)
                .build();
        MongoClientSettings settings = MongoClientSettings.builder()
                .applyConnectionString(new ConnectionString(uri))
                .serverApi(serverApi)
                .build();
        // Create a new client and connect to the server
        try (MongoClient mongoClient = MongoClients.create(settings)) {
            MongoDatabase database = mongoClient.getDatabase("admin");
            try {
                // Send a ping to confirm a successful connection
                Bson command = new BsonDocument("ping", new BsonInt64(1));
                Document commandResult = database.runCommand(command);
                System.out.println("Pinged your deployment. You successfully connected to MongoDB!");
            } catch (MongoException me) {
                System.err.println(me);
            }
        }
    }
}

Other Ways to Connect to MongoDB

If you are connecting to a single MongoDB deployment or replica set that is not hosted on Atlas, see the following sections to find out how to connect.

ConnectionString connectionString = new ConnectionString("mongodb://host1:27017,host2:27017,host3:27017/");
MongoClient mongoClient = MongoClients.create(connectionString);

ServerAddress seed1 = new ServerAddress("host1", 27017);
ServerAddress seed2 = new ServerAddress("host2", 27017);
ServerAddress seed3 = new ServerAddress("host3", 27017);
MongoClientSettings settings = MongoClientSettings.builder()
        .applyToClusterSettings(builder ->
               builder.hosts(Arrays.asList(seed1, seed2, seed3)))
        .build();
MongoClient mongoClient = MongoClients.create(settings);