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Replace Documents

On this page

  • Overview
  • Sample Data
  • Replace Operation
  • Required Parameters
  • Replace Example
  • Modify Replace Behavior
  • Modify Replace Example
  • Return Value
  • Additional Information
  • API Documentation

Overview

In this guide, you can learn how to use the Java Reactive Streams driver to replace a document in a MongoDB collection by performing a replace operation.

A replace operation replaces one document in a MongoDB collection with new fields and values that you specify. You can perform a replace operation by using the replaceOne() method.

Sample Data

The examples in this guide use the sample_restaurants.restaurants collection from the Atlas sample datasets.

To learn how to create a free MongoDB Atlas cluster and load the sample datasets, see the Get Started tutorial.

Important

Project Reactor Library

This guide uses the Project Reactor library to consume Publisher instances returned by the Java Reactive Streams driver methods. To learn more about the Project Reactor library and how to use it, see Getting Started in the Reactor documentation. To learn more about how we use Project Reactor library methods in this guide, see the Write Data to MongoDB guide.

Replace Operation

You can perform a replace operation by using the replaceOne() method on a MongoCollection instance. This method removes all fields except the _id field from the first document that matches the search criteria, then adds the fields and values you specify to the empty document.

Required Parameters

The replaceOne() method requires the following parameters:

  • Query filter document, which determines which documents to replace.

For more information about query filters, see the Specify a Query guide.

  • Replace document, which specifies the fields and values to insert in the new document.

Replace Example

To replace a single document in a MongoDB collection, call the replaceOne() method and pass the query filter document and the replace document as parameters. Then, pass the replaceOne() result to the static Mono.from() method from Mono. Mono is a class from the Project Reactor library. In Java Reactive Streams, the driver methods return cold Publisher instances, which means that the corresponding operation does not happen unless you subscribe to the returned Publisher. This guide uses the Project Reactor library to consume them. To learn more about Mono, see Mono in the Project Reactor documentation.

The following example uses the replaceOne() method to replace the fields and values of a document with a name field value of "Pizza Town". The replaceOne() method replaces the original document with a document that has a name field value of "Mongo's Pizza" and a cuisine field value of "Pizza".

 Publisher<UpdateResult> replacePublisher = restaurants.replaceOne(
         eq("name", "Pizza Town"),
         new Document().append("name", "Mongo's Pizza")
                 .append("cuisine", "Pizza"));
 Mono.from(replacePublisher).block();

Modify Replace Behavior

You can optionally modify the behavior of the replaceOne() method by calling an options method. The ReplaceOptions class provides methods that modify the behavior of the replaceOne() method. To use the ReplaceOptions class, construct a new instance of the class, then call one or more of its methods to modify the replace operation. You can chain these method calls together. To modify the behavior of the replace operation, pass the class instance and chained method calls as the last argument to the replaceOne() method.

You can use the following methods in the ReplaceOptions class to modify the replaceOne() method.

Method
Description
bypassDocumentValidation(Boolean bypass)
Specifies whether the replace operation bypasses document validation. This lets you update documents that don't meet the schema validation requirements, if any exist. For more information about schema validation, see Schema Validation in the MongoDB Server manual.
collation(Collation collation)
Specifies the kind of language collation to use when sorting results. For more information, see Collation in the MongoDB Server manual.
comment(BsonValue comment)
Attaches a BsonValue comment to the operation. For more information, see the insert command fields guide in the MongoDB Server manual.
comment(String comment)
Attaches a String comment to the operation. For more information, see the insert command fields guide in the MongoDB Server manual.
hint(Bson hint)
Sets the index for the operation as a Bson value. For more information, see the hint statement in the MongoDB Server manual.
hintString(String hint)
Sets the index for the operation as a String value. For more information, see the hint statement in the MongoDB Server manual.
let(Bson variables)
Specifies a map of parameter names and values. Values must be constant or closed expressions that don't reference document fields. For more information, see the let statement in the MongoDB Server manual.
upsert(Boolean upsert)
Specifies whether the replace operation performs an upsert operation if no documents match the query filter. For more information, see the upsert statement in the MongoDB Server manual.

Modify Replace Example

The following code uses the replaceOne() method to replace a document in the restaurants collection. It also sets the upsert(true) option so that the driver inserts a new document if the query filter doesn't match any existing documents.

Publisher<UpdateResult> replacePublisher = restaurants.replaceOne(
        eq("name", "Food Town"),
        new Document().append("name", "Food World")
                .append("cuisine", "Mixed"),
        new ReplaceOptions().upsert(true));
Mono.from(replacePublisher).block();

Return Value

The replaceOne() method returns an UpdateResult object. Use the following methods from the UpdateResult type to access the corresponding information:

Property
Description
getMatchedCount()
The number of documents that matched the query filter, regardless of how many were replaced.
getModifiedCount()
The number of documents modified by the replace operation. If a replaced document is identical to the original, it is not included in this count.
getUpsertedId()
The ID of the document that was inserted into the database, if the driver performed an upsert. If no document was inserted, this value is null.
wasAcknowledged()
An acknowledgement of the replacement.

Additional Information

For runnable code examples of replacing documents with the Java Reactive Streams driver, see the Write Data to MongoDB guide.

API Documentation

To learn more about any of the methods or types discussed in this guide, see the following API documentation:

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