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EJSON

EJSON.stringify()

On this page

  • Syntax
  • Command Fields
  • Behavior
  • Examples
  • Change Output Spacing
  • Select Output Fields
  • Use a Function to Transform Output Fields
  • Use a Function to Transform Output Fields in Nested Objects
  • Use a Function to Replace BSON Strings
  • Write to a File from Inside mongosh
  • Run from the Command Line
  • Filter Output Fields
  • Legacy tojsononeline()
  • Learn More

The EJSON.stringify() method converts BSON values to strings.

Syntax

The EJSON.stringify() method takes a BSON object as input and optional modifiers that control the format of the output string.

EJSON.stringify(BSON object, [replacer], [space], [options])

Command Fields

The EJSON.stringify() method has these fields:

Field
Type
Necessity
Description

value

BSON object

Required

Object EJSON.stringify() transforms

replacer

array or function

Optional

Modifies output. If the value exists but it is not an array or a function, EJSON.stringify() returns all document fields.

replacer can be an array or a function.

Value
Effect

array

An array of document fields to include in the output. The array elements must specify the field names to include in the returned JSON string.

function

A function that takes two parameters, key and value. key provides the function's this context. EJSON returns the transformed value.

The function is run for each object. The object values are replaced with the function's return value.

For an example, see Use a Function to Transform Output Fields.

spacer

integer or string

Optional

Controls spacing in the output. Use null as a place holder for replacer if you only want to specify the spacer option.

Value
Effect

integer

The number of spaces to indent each level. 10 is the maximum.

string

A character to use to indent each level. This option produces invalid JSON if you use a character other than a space or tab. For more information see JSON.stringify()

options

boolean

Optional

Additional configuration options

Option
Default
Meaning

relaxed

true

Enable relaxed mode for Extended JSON. Returns native JSON types instead of attaching BSON type information where applicable.

Behavior

You can call the EJSON interface from inside an interactive mongosh session or from the system command line using --eval.

Call the EJSON interface from an interactive session:

EJSON.stringify( db.sales.find().toArray(), null, 2  )

Call the EJSON interface from the system command line:

mongosh --eval "EJSON.stringify( db.sales.find().toArray(), null, 2  )"

To control how documents are passed to EJSON, use one of the mongosh cursor method iterators.

Iterator
Characteristics

.toArray()

Blocking, buffers the entire result

.foreach

Non-blocking, prints documents one-by-one

.next()

Non-blocking, manually iterate over results

Examples

To try these examples, first create a sales collection in the test database:

db.sales.insertMany( [
   { custId: 345, purchaseDate: ISODate("2023-07-04"), quantity: 4, cost: Decimal128("100.60"), },
   { custId: 346, purchaseDate: ISODate("2023-07-12"), quantity: 3, cost: Decimal128("175.45"), },
   { custId: 486, purchaseDate: ISODate("2023-08-01"), quantity: 9, cost: Decimal128("200.53"), },
] )

Change Output Spacing

To increase indentation between levels, set the spacing option.

EJSON.stringify( db.sales.findOne( { custId: 345 } ), null , 5 )

EJSON.stringify() indents each document level five spaces.

{
     "_id": {
          "$oid": "64da90c1175f5091debcab26"
     },
     "custId": 345,
     "purchaseDate": {
          "$date": "2023-07-04T00:00:00Z"
     },
     "quantity": 4,
     "cost": {
          "$numberDecimal": "100.60"
     }
}

Select Output Fields

To select a subset of document fields, use an array to set the replace option.

EJSON.stringify( db.sales.find().toArray(), [ "quantity", "cost" ] )

EJSON formats the quantity and cost for each document.

[{"quantity":4,"cost":{}},{"quantity":3,"cost":{}},{"quantity":9,"cost":{}}]

The spacing option is not specified in this example, so EJSON returns the selected fields on a single line.

Use a Function to Transform Output Fields

To transform field values, use a JavaScript function to set the replacer option. For example:

let queryResults = db.sales.find().toArray()
let replacer = function( key, value ){
   if ( key === '_id' ) {
      value = undefined;
   }
   if ( key === 'quantity' ) {
      value = 2 * value;
   }
   return value;
}
EJSON.stringify( queryResults, replacer, 3 )

The function runs recursively against the input object.

Example output:

[
   {
      "custId": 345,
      "purchaseDate": {
         "$date": "2023-07-04T00:00:00Z"
      },
      "quantity": 8,
      "cost": {
         "$numberDecimal": "100.60"
      }
   },
   {
      "custId": 346,
      "purchaseDate": {
         "$date": "2023-07-12T00:00:00Z"
      },
      "quantity": 6,
      "cost": {
         "$numberDecimal": "175.45"
      }
   },
   {
      "custId": 486,
      "purchaseDate": {
         "$date": "2023-08-01T00:00:00Z"
      },
      "quantity": 18,
      "cost": {
         "$numberDecimal": "200.53"
      }
   }
]

The replacer function updates two fields, _id and quantity.

EJSON.stringify() ignores fields with undefined values, so setting _id: undefined removes the _id field from the output string.

The function also modifies the quantity field in the output string. All of the quantity values are multiplied by two in the output string. EJSON.stringify() does not update the collection.

Use a Function to Transform Output Fields in Nested Objects

Create the salesWithAddress collection with nested addresses:

db.salesWithAddress.insertMany( [
   { custId: 345, purchaseDate: ISODate("2023-07-04"),
     quantity: 4, cost: Decimal128("100.60"),
     address: { number: 100, street: "Main Street", ZIP: 12345 } },
   { custId: 346, purchaseDate: ISODate("2023-07-12"),
     quantity: 3, cost: Decimal128("175.45"),
     address: { number: 200, street: "East Street", ZIP: 12345 } }
] )

The following example uses a replacer function to change the ZIP codes for the addresses to 55555:

// Retrieve the salesWithAddress contents as an array and save
// in queryResults
let queryResults = db.salesWithAddress.find().toArray()
// Define a replacer function to change the ZIP codes
let replacer = function( key, value ) {
   if (key === 'address') {
      value.ZIP = 55555;
   }
   return value;
}
// Run EJSON.stringify() to change the ZIP codes in queryResults
EJSON.stringify( queryResults, replacer, 3 )

Example output:

[
   {
      "_id": {
         "$oid": "65498c6562f443aa1490070f"
      },
      "custId": 345,
      "purchaseDate": {
         "$date": "2023-07-04T00:00:00Z"
      },
      "quantity": 4,
      "cost": {
         "$numberDecimal": "100.60"
      },
      "address": {
         "number": 100,
         "street": "Main Street",
         "ZIP": 55555
      }
   },
   {
      "_id": {
         "$oid": "65498c6562f443aa14900710"
      },
      "custId": 346,
      "purchaseDate": {
         "$date": "2023-07-12T00:00:00Z"
      },
      "quantity": 3,
      "cost": {
         "$numberDecimal": "175.45"
      },
      "address": {
         "number": 200,
         "street": "East Street",
         "ZIP": 55555
      }
   }
]

Use a Function to Replace BSON Strings

For a list of BSON data types and the corresponding numeric codes, see BSON Types.

The following example uses a replacer function to replace the BSON strings with the string "This is a string":

// Retrieve the salesWithAddress contents as an array and save
// in queryResults
let queryResults = db.salesWithAddress.find().toArray()
// Define a replacer function to replace the strings
let replacer = function( key, value ) {
   if (typeof value === "string") {
      return "This is a string";
   }
   return value;
}
// Run EJSON.stringify() to replace the strings in queryResults
EJSON.stringify( queryResults, replacer, 3 )

Example output:

[
   {
      "_id": {
         "$oid": "This is a string"
      },
      "custId": 345,
      "purchaseDate": {
         "$date": "This is a string"
      },
      "quantity": 4,
      "cost": {
         "$numberDecimal": "This is a string"
      },
      "address": {
         "number": 100,
         "street": "This is a string",
         "ZIP": 12345
      }
   },
   {
      "_id": {
         "$oid": "This is a string"
      },
      "custId": 346,
      "purchaseDate": {
         "$date": "This is a string"
      },
      "quantity": 3,
      "cost": {
         "$numberDecimal": "This is a string"
      },
      "address": {
         "number": 200,
         "street": "This is a string",
         "ZIP": 12345
      }
   }
]

Write to a File from Inside mongosh

To write to a file from within mongosh, use the fs API. Use EJSON.stringify() to format the string that you pass to fs.

const sales_2023_07 = db.sales.find(
   {
      purchaseDate:
      {
          $gte: ISODate( "2023-07-01" ),
          $lte: ISODate( "2023-07-31" )
      }
   }
)
fs.writeFileSync(
   'sales_2023_07.json',
   EJSON.stringify( sales_2023_07.toArray(), null, 2 )
)

The example queries the sales collection for sales in July, 2023.

  • sales_2023_07 stores a MongoDB BSON object.

  • EJSON.stringify() formats the object as a JSON string.

  • fs.writeFileSync() writes the formatted string to the sales_2023_07.json file in the directory where you ran mongosh.

Run from the Command Line

To run a query from the operating system shell, use the --eval option.

# Note: This example is formatted to fit on the page.
mongosh --quiet \
        --eval "db.sales.find().forEach( \
                   o => print( EJSON.stringify( o ) ) )"

The command returns a single line of JSON for each document:

  • --quiet suppresses the mongosh connection information

  • --eval calls the find method

  • .forEach is a JavaScript method that tells mongosh to iterate over the response

  • EJSON.stringify() converts each document to JSON

The output is:

{"_id":{"$oid":"64da90c1175f5091debcab26"},"custId":345,"purchaseDate":{"$date":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z"},"quantity":4,"cost":{"$numberDecimal":"100.60"}}
{"_id":{"$oid":"64da90c1175f5091debcab27"},"custId":346,"purchaseDate":{"$date":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z"},"quantity":3,"cost":{"$numberDecimal":"175.45"}}
{"_id":{"$oid":"64da90c1175f5091debcab28"},"custId":486,"purchaseDate":{"$date":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z"},"quantity":9,"cost":{"$numberDecimal":"200.53"}}

The single-line output format is convenient for scripting. EJSON.stringify() can also produce human-readable formatting:

# Note: This example is formatted to fit on the page.
mongosh --quiet \
        --eval "db.sales.find().forEach( \
                   o => print( EJSON.stringify(o, null, 3 ) ) )"

The output is:

# Note: This is only the first document.
{
   "_id": {
      "$oid": "64da90c1175f5091debcab26"
   },
   "custId": 345,
   "purchaseDate": {
      "$date": "2023-07-04T00:00:00Z"
   },
   "quantity": 4,
   "cost": {
      "$numberDecimal": "100.60"
   }
}

  • o is the BSON value that EJSON.stringify() converts on each iteration of .forEach().

  • null is a place holder for an optional replacer. When the replacer is absent, EJSON.stringify() returns all fields that have a defined value.

  • 3 is the spacer value. It tells EJSON.stringify() to indent each new level by 3 spaces.

If the you want the output string to have additional type information, add the { relaxed: false } option:

# Note: This example is formatted to fit on the page.
mongosh --quiet \
        --eval "db.sales.find().forEach( \
              o => print( \
                  EJSON.stringify( o, null, 3, { relaxed: false } ) \
           ) )"

The output is:

# Note: This is only the first document.
{
   "_id": {
      "$oid": "64da90c1175f5091debcab26"
   },
   "custId": {
      "$numberInt": "345"
   },
   "purchaseDate": {
      "$date": {
         "$numberLong": "1688428800000"
      }
   },
   "quantity": {
      "$numberInt": "4"
   },
   "cost": {
      "$numberDecimal": "100.60"
   }
}

Filter Output Fields

EJSON.stringify() provides formatting options that reduce the need for an additional JSON parser like jq.

# Note: This example is formatted to fit on the page.
mongosh --quiet \
        --eval "EJSON.stringify( \
             db.sales.find( {}, \
                { _id: 0, custId: 1, quantity: 1 } ).toArray(), null, 2 \
          );"

The output is:

[
  {
    "custId": 345,
    "quantity": 4
  },
  {
    "custId": 346,
    "quantity": 3
  },
  {
    "custId": 486,
    "quantity": 9
  }
]

Legacy tojsononeline()

The mongosh shell returns output that differs from the legacy mongo shell. If you have scripts that require the output to be formatted in a similar way to the legacy mongo shell, try reformatting the mongosh output with EJSON.stringify().

Run a sample query in mongosh and mongo to see the different formats.

db.sales.find( { custId: 345 } )

Legacy output:

{ "_id" : ObjectId("64da90c1175f5091debcab26"), "custId" : 345, "purchaseDate" : ISODate("2023-07-04T00:00:00Z"), "quantity" : 4, "cost" : NumberDecimal("100.60") }

mongosh output:

db.sales.find( { custId: 345 } )
[
  {
    _id: ObjectId("64da90c1175f5091debcab26"),
    custId: 345,
    purchaseDate: ISODate("2023-07-04T00:00:00.000Z"),
    quantity: 4,
    cost: Decimal128("100.60")
  }
]

Reformat the output with EJSON.stringify().

EJSON.stringify( db.sales.find( { custId: 345 } ).toArray() )
[{"_id":{"$oid":"64da90c1175f5091debcab26"},"custId":345,"purchaseDate":{"$date":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z"},"quantity":4,"cost":{"$numberDecimal":"100.60"}}]

Learn More

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