Improve Your Schema
Your schema is the architecture of your cluster, including your collections, indexes and documents.
Schema Design Patterns
You can model your schema based on frequently used design patterns. The Building with Patterns blog series discusses the following frequently used design patterns.
To read about situations in which arrays work well, see the following design patterns:
Use The Attribute Pattern for handling data with unique combinations of attributes, such as movie data where each movie is released in a subset of countries.
Use The Bucket Pattern for handling tightly grouped or sequential data, such as time span data.
Use The Polymorphic Pattern for handling differently shaped documents in the same collection, such as athlete records across several sports.
To read about strategies for keeping documents in your working set at a manageable size, see the following patterns:
Use The Extended Reference Pattern to duplicate a frequently-read portion of data from large documents to smaller ones.
Use The Subset Pattern to reduce the size of documents with large array fields.
Use The Outlier Pattern to handle a few large documents in an otherwise standard collection.
To learn how to incorporate the flexible data model into your schema, see the following presentations from MongoDB.live 2020:
Learn about entity relationships in MongoDB and examples of their implementations with Data Modeling with MongoDB.
Learn advanced data modeling design patterns you can incorporate into your schema with Advanced Schema Design Patterns.
Schema Suggestions
Ops Manager offers two ways to detect common schema design issues and suggests modifications that follow MongoDB’s best practices:
The Performance Advisor provides holistic schema recommendations for your cluster by sampling documents in your most active collections and collections with slow-running queries.
The Data Explorer offers schema suggestions for a specific collection by sampling documents in that collection.
To learn more about how to apply the suggestions offered in either the Performance Advisor or Data Explorer, refer to the following pages:
Schema Improvement | Reason for Suggestion |
|---|---|
You are running too many $lookup operations on
your data. Take advantage of MongoDB's rich schema model to
embed related data in a single collection. | |
Your documents contain array fields with many elements,
which can degrade query performance. | |
You have unnecessary indexes in your collection, which can
consume disk space and degrade write performance. | |
You have excessively large documents, which can degrade
the performance of your most frequent queries. | |
You have an exceedingly high number of collections in a
database, which can result in unnecessary disk space usage. |
Limitations of Schema Suggestions
Schema suggestions for a collection are partly driven by a random sampling of documents from that collection. Because this sampling is performed each time your schema is analyzed, you may see different suggestions at different times for the same collection.
The Performance Advisor uses slow query logs as an input to recognize certain schema issues, namely too many
$lookupoperations and not utilizing an index for case-sensitive regex queries. If a collection does not have any operations that last longer than 100 milliseconds, the Performance Advisor may not suggest all potential improvements for that collection, or may not show all reasons why an improvement is being suggested.The Performance Advisor analyzes the 20 most active collections based on the output of the
topcommand. To see suggestions for a specific collection, view that collection in the Data Explorer.