Internal/Membership Authentication

Key Requirements

A key's length must be between 6 and 1024 characters and may only contain characters in the base64 set. MongoDB strips whitespace characters (e.g. x0d, x09, and x20) for cross-platform convenience. As a result, the following operations produce identical keys:

echo -e "mysecretkey" > key1
echo -e "my secret key" > key1
echo -e "my secret key\n" > key2
echo -e "my    secret    key" > key3
echo -e "my\r\nsecret\r\nkey\r\n" > key4

Keyfile Format

Starting in MongoDB 4.2, keyfiles for internal membership authentication use YAML format to allow for multiple keys in a keyfile. The YAML format accepts content of:

• a single key string (same as in earlier versions),

• multiple key strings (each string must be enclosed in quotes), or

• sequence of key strings.

The YAML format is compatible with the existing single-key keyfiles that use the text file format.

For example,

my old secret key1

'my old secret key1'
'my new secret key2'

- my old secret key1
- my new secret key2

The ability to specify multiple keys in a file allows for the rolling upgrade of the keys without downtime. See Rotate Keys for Replica Sets and Rotate Keys for Sharded Clusters.

All mongod and mongos instances of a deployment must share at least one common key.

On UNIX systems, the keyfile must not have group or world permissions. On Windows systems, keyfile permissions are not checked.

You must store the keyfile on each server hosting the member of the replica set or sharded clusters.

MongoDB Configuration for Keyfile

To specify the keyfile, use the security.keyFile setting or --keyFile command line option.

For an example of keyfile internal authentication, see Update Replica Set to Keyfile Authentication.

Member Certificate Requirements

Use member certificates to verify membership to a sharded cluster or a replica set. Member certificates are stored in net.tls.clusterFile and net.tls.certificateKeyFile. Member certificate requirements:

• A single Certificate Authority (CA) must issue all x.509 certificates for the members of a sharded cluster or a replica set.

• The x.509 certificate must not be expired.

  Note

  Changed in version 4.4: mongod / mongos logs a warning on connection if the presented x.509 certificate expires within 30 days of the mongod/mongos host system time. See x.509 Certificates Nearing Expiry Trigger Warnings for more information.

• The Distinguished Name (DN), found in the member certificate's subject, must specify a non-empty value for at least one of the following attributes:

  • the Organization (O)

  • the Organizational Unit (OU)

  • the Domain Component (DC)

• Each cluster member certificate must have identical Os, OUs, and DCs in their net.tls.clusterFile and net.tls.certificateKeyFile certificates. This also applies to the tlsX509ClusterAuthDNOverride value, if set. Attribute order doesn't matter.

  Here's an example. The two DNs below have matching specifications for O and OU, and DC is not specified.

  CN=host1,OU=Dept1,O=MongoDB,ST=NY,C=US
  C=US, ST=CA, O=MongoDB, OU=Dept1, CN=host2

  The following example is incorrect, because the DNs don't match. One DN has two OU specifications and the other has only one OU specification.

  CN=host1,OU=Dept1,OU=Sales,O=MongoDB
  CN=host2,OU=Dept1,O=MongoDB

• Either the Common Name (CN) or one of the Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries must match the server hostname for other cluster members. Starting in MongoDB 4.2, when comparing SANs, MongoDB can compare either DNS names or IP addresses. In previous versions, MongoDB only compares DNS names.

  For example, the certificates for a cluster could have the following subjects:

  subject= CN=<myhostname1>,OU=Dept1,O=MongoDB,ST=NY,C=US
  subject= CN=<myhostname2>,OU=Dept1,O=MongoDB,ST=NY,C=US
  subject= CN=<myhostname3>,OU=Dept1,O=MongoDB,ST=NY,C=US

• If the certificate includes the Extended Key Usage (extendedKeyUsage) setting, the value must include clientAuth ("TLS Web Client Authentication").

  extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth

MongoDB Configuration

You can use TLS for internal authentication between each member of your replica set (each mongod instance) or sharded cluster (each mongod and mongos instance).

To use TLS for internal authentication, use the following settings:

• security.clusterAuthMode or --clusterAuthMode set to x509

• net.tls.clusterFile or --tlsClusterFile (available starting in MongoDB 4.2)

mongod and mongos instances use their certificate key files to prove their identity to clients, but certificate key files can also be used for membership authentication. If you do not specify a cluster file, members use their certificate key files for membership authentication. Specify the certificate key file with net.tls.certificateKeyFile or --tlsCertificateKeyFile (available starting in MongoDB 4.2).

To use the certificate key file for both client authentication and membership authentication, the certificate must either:

• Omit extendedKeyUsage or

• Specify extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth, clientAuth