TLS/SSL (Transport Encryption)
TLS/SSL
MongoDB supports TLS/SSL (Transport Layer Security/Secure Sockets Layer) to encrypt all of MongoDB's network traffic. TLS/SSL ensures that MongoDB network traffic is only readable by the intended client.
Starting in MongoDB 7.0 and 6.0.7, MongoDB supports OpenSSL 3.0 and the OpenSSL FIPS provider with these operating systems:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
Amazon Linux 2023
Ubuntu Linux 22.04
TLS Versions
MongoDB disables support for TLS 1.0 encryption on systems where TLS 1.1+ is available. For more details, see Disable TLS 1.0.
TLS Libraries
MongoDB uses the native TLS/SSL OS libraries:
Platform | TLS/SSL Library |
|---|---|
Windows | Secure Channel (Schannel) |
Linux/BSD | OpenSSL |
macOS | Secure Transport |
TLS/SSL Ciphers
MongoDB's TLS/SSL encryption only allows use of strong TLS/SSL ciphers with a minimum of 128-bit key length for all connections.
Forward Secrecy
Forward Secrecy cipher suites create an ephemeral session key that is protected by the server's private key but is never transmitted. The use of an ephemeral key ensures that even if a server's private key is compromised, you cannot decrypt past sessions with the compromised key.
MongoDB supports Forward Secrecy cipher suites that use Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE) and Ephemeral Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDHE) algorithms.
Ephemeral Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDHE)
Platform | Level of Support |
|---|---|
Linux | Starting in version 4.2
Starting in 3.6.14 and 4.0.3
NoteIf support for ECDHE is enabled, MongoDB 4.2+ attempts to enable support for Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE) if Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE) is not explicitly enabled. See Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE) for details. |
Windows | Starting in version 4.0, Ephemeral Elliptic Curve
Diffie-Hellman (ECDHE) is implicitly supported through the use
of Secure Channel (Schannel), the native Windows TLS/SSL library. |
macOS | Starting in version 4.0, Ephemeral Elliptic Curve
Diffie-Hellman (ECDHE) is implicitly supported through the use of
Secure Transport, the native macOS TLS/SSL library. |
ECDHE cipher suites are slower than static RSA cipher suites. For
better performance with ECDHE, you can use certificates that use
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). See also
Forward Secrecy Performance for more information
Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE)
Platform | Level of Support |
|---|---|
Linux | Starting in version 4.2: MongoDB enables support for Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE):
For versions 3.6 and 4.0, MongoDB enables support for Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE):
|
Windows | Starting in version 4.0, Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE) is
implicitly supported through the use of Secure Channel
(Schannel), the native Windows TLS/SSL library. |
macOS | Starting in version 4.0, Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE) is
implicitly supported through the use of Secure Transport, the
native macOS TLS/SSL library. |
Note
If clients negotiate a cipher suite with DHE but cannot accept the server selected parameter, the TLS connection fails.
Strong parameters (i.e. size is greater than 1024) are not supported with Java 6 and 7 unless extended support has been purchased from Oracle. However, Java 7 supports and prefers ECDHE, so will negotiate ECDHE if available.
DHE (and ECDHE) cipher suites are slower performance than static RSA cipher suites, with DHE being significantly slower than ECDHE. See Forward Secrecy Performance for more information.
Forward Secrecy Performance
DHE and ECDHE cipher suites are slower than static RSA cipher suites, with DHE being significantly slower than ECDHE.
For better performance with ECDHE, you can use certificates that
use Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA).
Alternatively, you can disable ECDHE cipher suites with the
opensslCipherConfig parameter as in the following example
(which also disables DHE)
mongod --setParameter opensslCipherConfig='HIGH:!EXPORT:!aNULL:!kECDHE:!ECDHE:!DHE:!kDHE@STRENGTH'
If you need to disable support for DHE cipher suites due to
performance, you can use the opensslCipherConfig
parameter, as in the following example:
mongod --setParameter opensslCipherConfig='HIGH:!EXPORT:!aNULL:!DHE:!kDHE@STRENGTH'
Certificates
To use TLS/SSL with MongoDB , you must have the TLS/SSL certificates as
PEM files, which are concatenated certificate containers.
MongoDB can use any valid TLS/SSL certificate issued by a certificate authority or a self-signed certificate. For production use, your MongoDB deployment should use valid certificates generated and signed by the same certificate authority. You can generate and maintain an independent certificate authority, or use certificates generated by a third-party TLS/SSL vendor.
Using a certificate signed by a trusted certificate authority allows MongoDB drivers to verify the server's identity.
For example, see TLS/SSL Configuration for Clients.
Certificate Expiry Warning
Changed in version 4.4: mongod / mongos logs a warning on
connection if the presented x.509 certificate expires within 30
days of the mongod/mongos host system time. See
x.509 Certificates Nearing Expiry Trigger Warnings for more
information.
OCSP (Online Certificate Status Protocol)
Starting in MongoDB 6.0, if ocspEnabled is set to true during
initial sync, all nodes must be able to reach the OCSP
responder.
If a member fails in the STARTUP2 state, set
tlsOCSPVerifyTimeoutSecs to a value that is less than 5.
Starting in version 4.4, to check for certificate revocation, MongoDB
enables the use of OCSP (Online Certificate
Status Protocol) by default. The use of OCSP eliminates the need to
periodically download a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) and restart the
mongod / mongos with the updated CRL.
In versions 4.0 and 4.2, the use of OCSP is available only through the
use of system certificate store on Windows or macOS.
As part of its OCSP support, MongoDB 4.4+ supports the following on Linux:
OCSP stapling. With OCSP stapling,
mongodandmongosinstances attach or "staple" the OCSP status response to their certificates when providing these certificates to clients during the TLS/SSL handshake. By including the OCSP status response with the certificates, OCSP stapling obviates the need for clients to make a separate request to retrieve the OCSP status of the provided certificates.OCSP must-staple extension. OCSP must-staple is an extension that can be added to the server certificate that tells the client to expect an OCSP staple when it receives a certificate during the TLS/SSL handshake.
MongoDB also provides the following OCSP-related parameters:
Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
Enables or disables the OCSP support. | |
Specifies the number of seconds to wait before refreshing the
stapled OCSP status response. | |
You can set these parameters at startup using the
setParameter configuration file setting or the
--setParameter command line option.
Note
Starting in MongoDB 5.0, the rotateCertificates command
and db.rotateCertificates() method will also refresh any
stapled OCSP responses.
Identity Verification
In addition to encrypting connections, TLS/SSL allows for authentication using certificates, both for client authentication and for internal authentication of members of replica sets and sharded clusters.
For more information, see:
FIPS Mode
Note
Enterprise Feature
Available in MongoDB Enterprise only.
The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) is a U.S. government computer security standard used to certify software modules and libraries that encrypt and decrypt data securely. You can configure MongoDB to run with a FIPS 140-2 certified library for OpenSSL. Configure FIPS to run by default or as needed from the command line.
For an example, see Configure MongoDB for FIPS.