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Keys and Key Vaults

KMS Providers

On this page

  • Overview
  • Reasons to Use a Remote Key Management System
  • Key Management System Tasks
  • Create and Store your Customer Master Key
  • Create and Encrypt a Data Encryption Key
  • Supported Key Management Services
  • Amazon Web Services KMS
  • Azure Key Vault
  • Google Cloud Platform KMS
  • KMIP
  • Local Key Provider

Overview

Learn about the Key Management System (KMS) providers In-Use Encryption supports.

Reasons to Use a Remote Key Management System

Using a remote Key Management System to manage your Customer Master Key has the following advantages over using your local filesystem to host it:

  • Secure storage of the key with access auditing

  • Reduced risk of access permission issues

  • Availability and distribution of the key to remote clients

  • Automated key backup and recovery

  • Centralized encryption key lifecycle management

Additionally, for the following KMS providers, your KMS remotely encrypts and decrypts your Data Encryption Key, ensuring your Customer Master Key is never exposed to your Queryable Encryption or CSFLE enabled application:

  • Amazon Web Services KMS

  • Azure Key Vault

  • Google Cloud KMS

Key Management System Tasks

In In-Use Encryption, your Key Management System:

  • Creates and encrypts the Customer Master Key

  • Encrypts the Data Encryption Keys created by your application

  • Decrypts Data Encryption Keys

To learn more about Customer Master Keys and Data Encryption Keys, see Encryption Keys and Key Vaults.

Create and Store your Customer Master Key

To create a Customer Master Key, configure your Key Management System to generate your Customer Master Key as follows:

Diagram

To view a tutorial that demonstrates how to create and store a CMK in your preferred KMS, see the Queryable Encryption Automatic Encryption Tutorial or CSFLE Automatic Encryption Tutorial.

Create and Encrypt a Data Encryption Key

To create a Data Encryption Key:

  • Instantiate a ClientEncryption instance in your Queryable Encryption or CSFLE enabled application:

    • Provide a kmsProviders object that specifies the credentials your application uses to authenticate with your KMS provider.

  • Create a Data Encryption Key with the CreateDataKey method of the ClientEncryption object in your application.

    • Provide a dataKeyOpts object that specifies with which key your KMS should encrypt your new Data Encryption Key.

To view a tutorial demonstrating how to create and encrypt a Data Encryption Key, see the following resources:

To view the structure of kmsProviders and dataKeyOpts objects for all supported KMS providers, see Supported Key Management Services.

Supported Key Management Services

The following sections of this page present the following information for all Key Management System providers:

  • Architecture of In-Use Encryption enabled client

  • Structure of kmsProviders objects

  • Structure of dataKeyOpts objects

Both Queryable Encryption and CSFLE support the following Key Management System providers:

Amazon Web Services KMS

This section provides information related to using AWS Key Management Service in your Queryable Encryption or CSFLE enabled application.

To view a tutorial demonstrating how to use AWS KMS in your application, see Overview: Enable Queryable Encryption or Use Automatic Client-Side Field Level Encryption with AWS.

Architecture

The following diagram describes the architecture of a Queryable Encryption enabled application using AWS KMS.

Diagram KMS

Note

Client Can't Access Customer Master Key

When using the preceding Key Management System, your Queryable Encryption enabled application does not have access to your Customer Master Key.

kmsProviders Object

The following table presents the structure of a kmsProviders object for AWS KMS:

Field
Required for IAM User
Required for IAM Role
Description
Access Key ID
Yes
Yes
Identifies the account user.
Secret Access Key
Yes
Yes
Contains the authentication credentials of the account user.
Session Token
No
Yes
Contains a token obtained from AWS Security Token Service (STS).

dataKeyOpts Object

The following table presents the structure of a dataKeyOpts object for AWS KMS:

Field
Required
Description
key
Yes
Amazon Resource Number (ARN) of the master key.
region
No
AWS region of your master key, e.g. "us-west-2"; required only if not specified in your ARN.
endpoint
No
Custom hostname for the AWS endpoint if configured for your account.

Azure Key Vault

This section provides information related to using Azure Key Vault in your Queryable Encryption or CSFLE enabled application.

To view a tutorial demonstrating how to use Azure Key Vault in your application, see Overview: Enable Queryable Encryption or Use Automatic Client-Side Field Level Encryption with Azure.

Architecture

The following diagram describes the architecture of a Queryable Encryption enabled application using Azure Key Vault.

Diagram KMS

Note

Client Can't Access Customer Master Key

When using the preceding Key Management System, your Queryable Encryption enabled application does not have access to your Customer Master Key.

kmsProviders Object

The following table presents the structure of a kmsProviders object for Azure Key Vault:

Field
Required
Description
azure.tenantId
Yes
Identifies the organization of the account.
azure.clientId
Yes
Identifies the clientId to authenticate your registered application.
azure.clientSecret
Yes
Used to authenticate your registered application.
azure.identityPlatformEndpoint
No
Specifies a hostname and port number for the authentication server. Defaults to login.microsoftonline.com and is only needed for non-commercial Azure instances such as a government or China account.

dataKeyOpts Object

The following table presents the structure of a dataKeyOpts object for Azure Key Vault:

Field
Required
Description
keyName
Yes
Name of the master key
keyVersion
No, but strongly recommended
Version of the master key
keyVaultEndpoint
Yes
URL of the key vault. E.g. myVaultName.vault.azure.net

Warning

If you do not include a keyVersion field, Azure Key Vault attempts to decrypt Data Encryption Keys using the latest Customer Master Key. If you rotate the CMK but do not rewrap the Data Encryption Keys with the new master key, attempting to decrypt an existing DEK fails, since the DEK is encrypted with the previous version of the CMK.

Google Cloud Platform KMS

This section provides information related to using Google Cloud Key Management in your Queryable Encryption or CSFLE enabled application.

To view a tutorial demonstrating how to use GCP KMS in your application, see Overview: Enable Queryable Encryption or Use Automatic Client-Side Field Level Encryption with GCP.

Architecture

The following diagram describes the architecture of a Queryable Encryption enabled application using GCP KMS.

Diagram KMS

Note

Client Can't Access Customer Master Key

When using the preceding Key Management System, your Queryable Encryption enabled application does not have access to your Customer Master Key.

kmsProviders Object

The following table presents the structure of a kmsProviders object for GCP KMS:

Field
Required
Description
email
Yes
Identifies your service account email address.
privateKey
Yes
Identifies your service account private key in either base64 string or Binary subtype 0 format without the prefix and suffix markers.

Suppose your service account private key value is as follows:
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\nyour-private-key\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n
The value you would specify for this field is:
your-private-key
If you have a user-key.json credential file, you can extract the string by executing the following command in a bash or similar shell. The following command requires that you install OpenSSL :
cat user-key.json | jq -r .private_key | openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt -inform PEM -outform DER | base64 -w 0
endpoint
No
Specifies a hostname and port number for the authentication server. Defaults to oauth2.googleapis.com.

dataKeyOpts Object

The following table presents the structure of a dataKeyOpts object for GCP KMS:

Field
Required
Description
projectId
Yes
Identifier for your project in which you created the key.
location
Yes
Region specified for your key.
keyRing
Yes
Identifier for the group of keys your key belongs to.
keyName
Yes
Identifier for the symmetric master key.
keyVersion
No
Specifies the version of the named key. If not specified, the default version of the key is used.
endpoint
No
Specifies the host and optional port of the Cloud KMS. The default is cloudkms.googleapis.com.

KMIP

This section provides information related to using a KMIP compliant Key Management System in your Queryable Encryption or CSFLE enabled application.

To learn how to set up KMIP with HashiCorp Vault, see the How to Set Up HashiCorp Vault KMIP Secrets Engine with MongoDB CSFLE or Queryable Encryption blog post.

Architecture

The following diagram describes the architecture of a Queryable Encryption enabled application using a KMIP-compliant key provider.

Diagram

Important

Client Accesses Customer Master Key

When your Queryable Encryption enabled application uses a KMIP-compliant key provider without specifying the delegated option, your application directly accesses your Customer Master Key. To avoid directly accessing your CMK, you can set the delegated option to true in your dataKeyOpts object.

kmsProviders Object

The following table presents the structure of a kmsProviders object for a KMIP compliant Key Management System:

Note

Authenticate through TLS/SSL

Your Queryable Encryption enabled application authenticates through TLS/SSL when using KMIP.

Field
Required
Description
endpoint
Yes
Specifies a hostname and port number for the authentication server.

dataKeyOpts Object

The following table presents the structure of a dataKeyOpts object for a KMIP compliant Key Management System:

Field
Required
Description
keyId
No

The keyId field of a 96 byte Secret Data managed object stored in your KMIP-compliant key provider.

If you do not specify the keyId field in the masterKey document you send to your KMIP-compliant key provider, the driver creates a new 96 Byte Secret Data managed object in your KMIP-compliant key provider to act as your master key.

endpoint
Yes
The URI of your KMIP-compliant key provider.
delegated
No

Set this option to true to delegate the encryption and decryption of your DEK to your KMIP-compliant key provider. Delegating these to the KMIP-compliant key provider ensures that you never have direct access to the CMK.

If you do not set the delegated option to true, your application directly accesses and transports your Customer Master Key from the KMIP provider.

IMPORTANT: The delegated option is not available in the Ruby, Go, or C++ drivers.

Local Key Provider

This section provides information related to using a Local Key Provider in your Queryable Encryption or CSFLE enabled application.

Warning

Secure your Local Key File in Production

We recommend storing your Customer Master Keys in a remote Key Management System (KMS). To learn how to use a remote KMS in your Queryable Encryption implementation, see the Tutorials guide.

If you choose to use a local key provider in production, exercise great caution and do not store it on the file system. Consider injecting the key into your client application using a sidecar process, or use another approach that keeps the key secure.

To view a tutorial demonstrating how to use a Local Key Provider for testing Queryable Encryption, see the Queryable Encryption Quick Start or CSFLE Quick Start.

Architecture

When you use a Local Key Provider for testing, your application retrieves your Customer Master Key from the computer it runs on. To use a Local Key Provider in production, use an approach that doesn't store the key on the file system. For example, you can inject the key into the client process via a sidecar.

The following diagram describes the architecture of a Queryable Encryption-enabled application using a Local Key Provider.

Local Key Provider architecture diagram.

kmsProviders Object

The following table presents the structure of a kmsProviders object for a Local Key Provider:

Field
Required
Description
key
Yes
The master key used to encrypt/decrypt data keys. The master key is passed as a base64 encoded string.

dataKeyOpts Object

When you use a Local Key Provider, you specify your Customer Master Key through your kmsProviders object.

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