Realm の暗号化 - Java SDK

// Create a key to encrypt a realm and save it securely in the keystore
public byte[] getNewKey() {
    // open a connection to the android keystore
    KeyStore keyStore;
    try {
        keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("AndroidKeyStore");
        keyStore.load(null);
    } catch (KeyStoreException | NoSuchAlgorithmException
            | CertificateException | IOException e) {
        Log.v("EXAMPLE", "Failed to open the keystore.");
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    // create a securely generated random asymmetric RSA key
    byte[] realmKey = new byte[Realm.ENCRYPTION_KEY_LENGTH];
    new SecureRandom().nextBytes(realmKey);
    // create a cipher that uses AES encryption -- we'll use this to encrypt our key
    Cipher cipher;
    try {
        cipher = Cipher.getInstance(KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES
                + "/" + KeyProperties.BLOCK_MODE_CBC
                + "/" + KeyProperties.ENCRYPTION_PADDING_PKCS7);
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed to create a cipher.");
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    // generate secret key
    KeyGenerator keyGenerator;
    try {
        keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance(
                KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES,
                "AndroidKeyStore");
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchProviderException e) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed to access the key generator.");
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    KeyGenParameterSpec keySpec = new KeyGenParameterSpec.Builder(
            "realm_key",
            KeyProperties.PURPOSE_ENCRYPT | KeyProperties.PURPOSE_DECRYPT)
            .setBlockModes(KeyProperties.BLOCK_MODE_CBC)
            .setEncryptionPaddings(KeyProperties.ENCRYPTION_PADDING_PKCS7)
            .setUserAuthenticationRequired(true)
            .setUserAuthenticationValidityDurationSeconds(
                   AUTH_VALID_DURATION_IN_SECOND)
            .build();
    try {
        keyGenerator.init(keySpec);
    } catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed to generate a secret key.");
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    keyGenerator.generateKey();
    // access the generated key in the android keystore, then
    // use the cipher to create an encrypted version of the key
    byte[] initializationVector;
    byte[] encryptedKeyForRealm;
    try {
        SecretKey secretKey =
                (SecretKey) keyStore.getKey("realm_key", null);
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        encryptedKeyForRealm = cipher.doFinal(realmKey);
        initializationVector = cipher.getIV();
    } catch (InvalidKeyException | UnrecoverableKeyException
            | NoSuchAlgorithmException | KeyStoreException
            | BadPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed encrypting the key with the secret key.");
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    // keep the encrypted key in shared preferences
    // to persist it across application runs
    byte[] initializationVectorAndEncryptedKey =
            new byte[Integer.BYTES +
                    initializationVector.length +
                    encryptedKeyForRealm.length];
    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(initializationVectorAndEncryptedKey);
    buffer.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
    buffer.putInt(initializationVector.length);
    buffer.put(initializationVector);
    buffer.put(encryptedKeyForRealm);
    activity.getSharedPreferences("realm_key", Context.MODE_PRIVATE).edit()
            .putString("iv_and_encrypted_key",
                    Base64.encodeToString(initializationVectorAndEncryptedKey, Base64.NO_WRAP))
            .apply();
    return realmKey; // pass to a realm configuration via encryptionKey()
}

// Create a key to encrypt a realm and save it securely in the keystore
fun getNewKey(): ByteArray {
    // open a connection to the android keystore
    val keyStore: KeyStore
    try {
        keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("AndroidKeyStore")
        keyStore.load(null)
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        Log.v("EXAMPLE", "Failed to open the keystore.")
        throw RuntimeException(e)
    }
    // create a securely generated random asymmetric RSA key
    val realmKey = ByteArray(Realm.ENCRYPTION_KEY_LENGTH)
    SecureRandom().nextBytes(realmKey)
    // create a cipher that uses AES encryption -- we'll use this to encrypt our key
    val cipher: Cipher
    cipher = try {
        Cipher.getInstance(KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES
                + "/" + KeyProperties.BLOCK_MODE_CBC
                + "/" + KeyProperties.ENCRYPTION_PADDING_PKCS7)
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed to create a cipher.")
        throw RuntimeException(e)
    }
    // generate secret key
    val keyGenerator: KeyGenerator
    keyGenerator = try {
        KeyGenerator.getInstance(
                KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES,
                "AndroidKeyStore")
    } catch (e: NoSuchAlgorithmException) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed to access the key generator.")
        throw RuntimeException(e)
    }
    val keySpec = KeyGenParameterSpec.Builder(
            "realm_key",
            KeyProperties.PURPOSE_ENCRYPT or KeyProperties.PURPOSE_DECRYPT)
            .setBlockModes(KeyProperties.BLOCK_MODE_CBC)
            .setEncryptionPaddings(KeyProperties.ENCRYPTION_PADDING_PKCS7)
            .setUserAuthenticationRequired(true)
            .setUserAuthenticationValidityDurationSeconds(
                   AUTH_VALID_DURATION_IN_SECOND)
            .build()
    try {
        keyGenerator.init(keySpec)
    } catch (e: InvalidAlgorithmParameterException) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed to generate a secret key.")
        throw RuntimeException(e)
    }
    keyGenerator.generateKey()
    // access the generated key in the android keystore, then
    // use the cipher to create an encrypted version of the key
    val initializationVector: ByteArray
    val encryptedKeyForRealm: ByteArray
    try {
        val secretKey = keyStore.getKey("realm_key", null) as SecretKey
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey)
        encryptedKeyForRealm = cipher.doFinal(realmKey)
        initializationVector = cipher.iv
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed encrypting the key with the secret key.")
        throw RuntimeException(e)
    }
    // keep the encrypted key in shared preferences
    // to persist it across application runs
    val initializationVectorAndEncryptedKey = ByteArray(Integer.BYTES +
            initializationVector.size +
            encryptedKeyForRealm.size)
    val buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(initializationVectorAndEncryptedKey)
    buffer.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
    buffer.putInt(initializationVector.size)
    buffer.put(initializationVector)
    buffer.put(encryptedKeyForRealm)
    activity!!.getSharedPreferences("realm_key", Context.MODE_PRIVATE).edit()
            .putString("iv_and_encrypted_key",
                    Base64.encodeToString(initializationVectorAndEncryptedKey, Base64.NO_WRAP))
            .apply()
    return realmKey // pass to a realm configuration via encryptionKey()
}

// Access the encrypted key in the keystore, decrypt it with the secret,
// and use it to open and read from the realm again
public byte[] getExistingKey() {
    // open a connection to the android keystore
    KeyStore keyStore;
    try {
        keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("AndroidKeyStore");
        keyStore.load(null);
    } catch (KeyStoreException | NoSuchAlgorithmException
            | CertificateException | IOException e) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed to open the keystore.");
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    // access the encrypted key that's stored in shared preferences
    byte[] initializationVectorAndEncryptedKey = Base64.decode(activity
            .getSharedPreferences("realm_key", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
            .getString("iv_and_encrypted_key", null), Base64.DEFAULT);
    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(initializationVectorAndEncryptedKey);
    buffer.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
    // extract the length of the initialization vector from the buffer
    int initializationVectorLength = buffer.getInt();
    // extract the initialization vector based on that length
    byte[] initializationVector = new byte[initializationVectorLength];
    buffer.get(initializationVector);
    // extract the encrypted key
    byte[] encryptedKey = new byte[initializationVectorAndEncryptedKey.length
            - Integer.BYTES
            - initializationVectorLength];
    buffer.get(encryptedKey);
    // create a cipher that uses AES encryption to decrypt our key
    Cipher cipher;
    try {
        cipher = Cipher.getInstance(KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES
                + "/" + KeyProperties.BLOCK_MODE_CBC
                + "/" + KeyProperties.ENCRYPTION_PADDING_PKCS7);
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed to create cipher.");
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    // decrypt the encrypted key with the secret key stored in the keystore
    byte[] decryptedKey;
    try {
        final SecretKey secretKey =
                (SecretKey) keyStore.getKey("realm_key", null);
        final IvParameterSpec initializationVectorSpec =
                new IvParameterSpec(initializationVector);
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, initializationVectorSpec);
        decryptedKey = cipher.doFinal(encryptedKey);
    } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed to decrypt. Invalid key.");
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } catch (UnrecoverableKeyException | NoSuchAlgorithmException
            | BadPaddingException | KeyStoreException
            | IllegalBlockSizeException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE",
                "Failed to decrypt the encrypted realm key with the secret key.");
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    return decryptedKey; // pass to a realm configuration via encryptionKey()
}

// Access the encrypted key in the keystore, decrypt it with the secret,
// and use it to open and read from the realm again
fun getExistingKey(): ByteArray {
    // open a connection to the android keystore
    val keyStore: KeyStore
    try {
        keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("AndroidKeyStore")
        keyStore.load(null)
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed to open the keystore.")
        throw RuntimeException(e)
    }
    // access the encrypted key that's stored in shared preferences
    val initializationVectorAndEncryptedKey = Base64.decode(activity
            ?.getSharedPreferences("realm_key", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
            ?.getString("iv_and_encrypted_key", null), Base64.DEFAULT)
    val buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(initializationVectorAndEncryptedKey)
    buffer.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
    // extract the length of the initialization vector from the buffer
    val initializationVectorLength = buffer.int
    // extract the initialization vector based on that length
    val initializationVector = ByteArray(initializationVectorLength)
    buffer[initializationVector]
    // extract the encrypted key
    val encryptedKey = ByteArray(initializationVectorAndEncryptedKey.size
            - Integer.BYTES
            - initializationVectorLength)
    buffer[encryptedKey]
    // create a cipher that uses AES encryption to decrypt our key
    val cipher: Cipher
    cipher = try {
        Cipher.getInstance(KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES
                + "/" + KeyProperties.BLOCK_MODE_CBC
                + "/" + KeyProperties.ENCRYPTION_PADDING_PKCS7)
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed to create cipher.")
        throw RuntimeException(e)
    }
    // decrypt the encrypted key with the secret key stored in the keystore
    val decryptedKey: ByteArray
    decryptedKey = try {
        val secretKey = keyStore.getKey("realm_key", null) as SecretKey
        val initializationVectorSpec = IvParameterSpec(initializationVector)
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, initializationVectorSpec)
        cipher.doFinal(encryptedKey)
    } catch (e: InvalidKeyException) {
        Log.e("EXAMPLE", "Failed to decrypt. Invalid key.")
        throw RuntimeException(e)
    } catch (e: Exception ) {
                Log.e("EXAMPLE",
                        "Failed to decrypt the encrypted realm key with the secret key.")
                throw RuntimeException(e)
    }
    return decryptedKey // pass to a realm configuration via encryptionKey()
}

// use a new encryption key to write and read from a realm
byte[] realmKey = getNewKey();
// use the key to configure a realm
final SyncConfiguration realmConfig =
        new SyncConfiguration.Builder(user, PARTITION)
        .allowQueriesOnUiThread(true)
        .allowWritesOnUiThread(true)
        .encryptionKey(realmKey)
        .build();
// once we've used the key to generate a config, erase it in memory manually
Arrays.fill(realmKey, (byte) 0);
// open and write and read from the realm
Realm encryptedRealm = Realm.getInstance(realmConfig);
ObjectId id = new ObjectId();
encryptedRealm.executeTransaction(eR -> {
    eR.createObject(Frog.class, id);
});
Frog frog = encryptedRealm.where(Frog.class).findFirst();
ObjectId written_id = frog.get_id();
Log.v("EXAMPLE", "generated id: " + id
        + ", written frog id: " + written_id);
encryptedRealm.close();
// get the encryption key from the key store a second time
byte[] decryptedKey = getExistingKey();
// configure a realm with the key
final SyncConfiguration realmConfigDecrypt =
        new SyncConfiguration.Builder(user, PARTITION)
        .allowQueriesOnUiThread(true)
        .allowWritesOnUiThread(true)
        .encryptionKey(decryptedKey)
        .build();
// once we've used the key to generate a config, erase it in memory manually
Arrays.fill(decryptedKey, (byte) 0);
// note: realm is encrypted, this variable just demonstrates that we've
// decrypted the contents with the key in memory
Realm decryptedRealm = Realm.getInstance(realmConfigDecrypt);
Frog frogDecrypt = decryptedRealm.where(Frog.class).findFirst();
Log.v("EXAMPLE", "generated id: " + id
        + ", decrypted written frog id: " + frogDecrypt.get_id());
decryptedRealm.close();

// use a new encryption key to write and read from a realm
val realmKey = getNewKey()
// use the key to configure a realm
val realmConfig = SyncConfiguration.Builder(user, PARTITION)
        .allowQueriesOnUiThread(true)
        .allowWritesOnUiThread(true)
        .encryptionKey(realmKey)
        .build()
// once we've used the key to generate a config, erase it in memory manually
Arrays.fill(realmKey, 0.toByte())
// open and write and read from the realm
val encryptedRealm = Realm.getInstance(realmConfig)
val id = ObjectId()
encryptedRealm.executeTransaction {
    eR: Realm -> eR.createObject(Frog::class.java, id)
}
val frog = encryptedRealm.where(Frog::class.java).findFirst()
val written_id = frog!!._id
Log.v("EXAMPLE", "generated id: " + id
        + ", written frog id: " + written_id)
encryptedRealm.close()
// get the encryption key from the key store a second time
val decryptedKey = getExistingKey()
// configure a realm with the key
val realmConfigDecrypt = SyncConfiguration.Builder(user, PARTITION)
        .allowQueriesOnUiThread(true)
        .allowWritesOnUiThread(true)
        .encryptionKey(decryptedKey)
        .build()
// once we've used the key to generate a config, erase it in memory manually
Arrays.fill(decryptedKey, 0.toByte())
// note: realm is encrypted, this variable just demonstrates that we've
// decrypted the contents with the key in memory
val decryptedRealm = Realm.getInstance(realmConfigDecrypt)
val frogDecrypt = decryptedRealm.where(Frog::class.java).findFirst()
Log.v("EXAMPLE", "generated id: " + id
        + ", decrypted written frog id: " + frogDecrypt!!._id)
decryptedRealm.close()