Connection Pool Overview

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What is a Connection Pool?

Create and Use a Connection Pool
Sharded Cluster Connection Pooling
Connection Pool Configuration Settings

This version of the documentation is archived and no longer supported. View the current documentation to learn how to upgrade your version of MongoDB.

This document describes how to use a connection pool to manage connections between applications and MongoDB instances.

What is a Connection Pool?

Definition

A connection pool is a cache of open, ready-to-use database connections maintained by the driver. Your application can seamlessly get connections from the pool, perform operations, and return connections back to the pool. Connection pools are thread-safe.

Benefits of a Connection Pool

A connection pool helps reduce application latency and the number of times new connections are created.

A connection pool creates connections at startup. Applications do not need to manually return connections to the pool. Instead, connections return to the pool automatically.

Some connections are active and some are inactive but available. If your application requests a connection and there’s an available connection in the pool, a new connection does not need to be created.

Create and Use a Connection Pool

Use an Instance of your Driver's `MongoClient` Object

Most drivers provide an object of type MongoClient.

Use one MongoClient instance per application unless the application is connecting to many separate clusters. Each MongoClient instance manages its own connection pool to the MongoDB cluster or node specified when the MongoClient is created. MongoClient objects are thread-safe in most drivers.

Note

Store your MongoClient instance in a place that is globally accessible by your application.

Authentication

To use a connection pool with LDAP, see LDAP Connection Pool Behavior.

Sharded Cluster Connection Pooling

mongos routers have connection pools for each node in the cluster. The availability of connections to individual nodes within a sharded cluster affects latency. Operations must wait for a connection to be established.

Connection Pool Configuration Settings

To configure the connection pool, set the options:

through the MongoDB URI,
programmatically when building the MongoClient instance, or
in your application framework's configuration files.

Settings

Setting	Description
`maxPoolSize`	Maximum number of connections opened in the pool. When the connection pool reaches the maximum number of connections, new connections wait up until to the value of `waitQueueTimeoutMS`. Default: `100`
`minPoolSize`	Minimum number of connections opened in the pool. The value of `minPoolSize` must be less than the value of `maxPoolSize`. Default: `0`
`connectTimeoutMS`	Most drivers default to never time out. Some versions of the Java drivers (for example, version 3.7) default to `10`. Default: `0` for most drivers. See your driver documentation.
`socketTimeoutMS`	Number of milliseconds to wait before timeout on a TCP connection. Do not use `socketTimeoutMS` as a mechanism for preventing long-running server operations. Setting low socket timeouts may result in operations that error before the server responds. Default: `0`, which means no timeout. See your driver documentation.
`maxIdleTimeMS`	The maximum number of milliseconds that a connection can remain idle in the pool before being removed and closed. Default: See your driver documentation.
`waitQueueTimeoutMS`	Maximum wait time in milliseconds that a can thread wait for a connection to become available. A value of `0` means there is no limit. Default: `0`. See your driver documentation.
`ShardingTaskExecutorPoolMinSize`	Minimum number of outbound connections each TaskExecutor connection pool can open to any given `mongod` instance. Default: `1`. See `ShardingTaskExecutorPoolMinSize`. Parameter only applies to sharded deployments.
`ShardingTaskExecutorPoolMinSizeForConfigServers`	Optional override for `ShardingTaskExecutorPoolMinSize` to set the minimum number of outbound connections each TaskExecutor connection pool can open to a configuration server. When set to: `-1`, `ShardingTaskExecutorPoolMinSize` is used. This is the default. an integer value greater than `-1`, overrides the minimum number of outbound connections each TaskExecutor connection pool can open to a configuration server. Parameter only applies to sharded deployments. Default: `-1` New in version 4.4.16.
`ShardingTaskExecutorPoolMaxSize`	Maximum number of outbound connections each TaskExecutor connection pool can open to any given `mongod` instance. Default: 2 ⁶⁴ - 1. See `ShardingTaskExecutorPoolMaxSize`. Parameter only applies to sharded deployments.
`ShardingTaskExecutorPoolMaxSizeForConfigServers`	Optional override for `ShardingTaskExecutorPoolMaxSize` to set the maximum number of outbound connections each TaskExecutor connection pool can open to a configuration server. When set to: `-1`, `ShardingTaskExecutorPoolMaxSize` is used. This is the default. an integer value greater than `-1`, overrides the maximum number of outbound connections each TaskExecutor connection pool can open to a configuration server. Parameter only applies to sharded deployments. Default: `-1` New in version 4.4.16.

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Performance

Tuning Your Connection Pool Settings