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$bottomN (aggregation accumulator)

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  • Definition
  • Syntax
  • Behavior
  • Restrictions
  • Examples
$bottomN

New in version 5.2.

Returns an aggregation of the bottom n elements within a group, according to the specified sort order. If the group contains fewer than n elements, $bottomN returns all elements in the group.

{
$bottomN:
{
n: <expression>,
sortBy: { <field1>: <sort order>, <field2>: <sort order> ... },
output: <expression>
}
}
  • n limits the number of results per group and has to be a positive integral expression that is either a constant or depends on the _id value for $group.

  • sortBy specifies the order of results, with syntax similar to $sort.

  • output represents the output for each element in the group and can be any expression.

  • $bottomN does not filter out null values.

  • $bottomN converts missing values to null which are preserved in the output.

db.aggregate( [
{
$documents: [
{ playerId: "PlayerA", gameId: "G1", score: 1 },
{ playerId: "PlayerB", gameId: "G1", score: 2 },
{ playerId: "PlayerC", gameId: "G1", score: 3 },
{ playerId: "PlayerD", gameId: "G1"},
{ playerId: "PlayerE", gameId: "G1", score: null }
]
},
{
$group:
{
_id: "$gameId",
playerId:
{
$bottomN:
{
output: [ "$playerId", "$score" ],
sortBy: { "score": -1 },
n: 3
}
}
}
}
] )

In this example:

  • $documents creates the literal documents that contain player scores.

  • $group groups the documents by gameId. This example has only one gameId, G1.

  • PlayerD has a missing score and PlayerE has a null score. These values are both considered as null.

  • The playerId and score fields are specified as output : ["$playerId"," $score"] and returned as array values.

  • Because of the sortBy: { "score" : -1 }, the null values are sorted to the end of the returned playerId array.

[
{
_id: "G1",
playerId: [ [ "PlayerA", 1 ], [ "PlayerD", null ], [ "PlayerE", null ] ]
}
]

When sorting different types, the order of BSON data types is used to determine ordering. As an example, consider a collection whose values consist of strings and numbers.

  • In an ascending sort, string values are sorted after numeric values.

  • In a descending sort, string values are sorted before numeric values.

db.aggregate( [
{
$documents: [
{ playerId: "PlayerA", gameId: "G1", score: 1 },
{ playerId: "PlayerB", gameId: "G1", score: "2" },
{ playerId: "PlayerC", gameId: "G1", score: "" }
]
},
{
$group:
{
_id: "$gameId",
playerId: {
$bottomN:
{
output: ["$playerId","$score"],
sortBy: {"score": -1},
n: 3
}
}
}
}
] )

In this example:

  • PlayerA has an integer score.

  • PlayerB has a string "2" score.

  • PlayerC has an empty string score.

Because the sort is in descending { "score" : -1 }, the string literal values are sorted before PlayerA's numeric score:

[
{
_id: "G1",
playerId: [ [ "PlayerB", "2" ], [ "PlayerC", "" ], [ "PlayerA", 1 ] ]
}
]

$bottomN is not supported as a aggregation expression.

$bottomN is supported as a window operator.

Groups within the $bottomN aggregation pipeline are subject to the 100 MB limit pipeline limit. If this limit is exceeded for an individual group, the aggregation fails with an error.

Consider a gamescores collection with the following documents:

db.gamescores.insertMany([
{ playerId: "PlayerA", gameId: "G1", score: 31 },
{ playerId: "PlayerB", gameId: "G1", score: 33 },
{ playerId: "PlayerC", gameId: "G1", score: 99 },
{ playerId: "PlayerD", gameId: "G1", score: 1 },
{ playerId: "PlayerA", gameId: "G2", score: 10 },
{ playerId: "PlayerB", gameId: "G2", score: 14 },
{ playerId: "PlayerC", gameId: "G2", score: 66 },
{ playerId: "PlayerD", gameId: "G2", score: 80 }
])

You can use the $bottomN accumulator to find the lowest scoring players in a single game.

db.gamescores.aggregate( [
{
$match : { gameId : "G1" }
},
{
$group:
{
_id: "$gameId",
playerId:
{
$bottomN:
{
output: ["$playerId", "$score"],
sortBy: { "score": -1 },
n:3
}
}
}
}
] )

The example pipeline:

  • Uses $match to filter the results on a single gameId. In this case, G1.

  • Uses $group to group the results by gameId. In this case, G1.

  • Uses sort by { "score": -1 } to sort the results in descending order.

  • Specifies the fields that are output from $bottomN with output : ["$playerId"," $score"].

  • Uses $bottomN to return the bottom three documents with the lowest score for the G1 game with n : 3.

The operation returns the following results:

[
{
_id: "G1",
playerId: [ [ "PlayerB", 33 ], [ "PlayerA", 31 ], [ "PlayerD", 1 ] ]
}
]

The SQL equivalent to this query is:

SELECT T3.GAMEID,T3.PLAYERID,T3.SCORE
FROM GAMESCORES AS GS
JOIN (SELECT TOP 3
GAMEID,PLAYERID,SCORE
FROM GAMESCORES
WHERE GAMEID = "G1"
ORDER BY SCORE) AS T3
ON GS.GAMEID = T3.GAMEID
GROUP BY T3.GAMEID,T3.PLAYERID,T3.SCORE
ORDER BY T3.SCORE DESC

You can use the $bottomN accumulator to find the lowest scoring players in each game.

db.gamescores.aggregate( [
{
$group:
{ _id: "$gameId", playerId:
{
$bottomN:
{
output: [ "$playerId","$score" ],
sortBy: { "score": -1 },
n: 3
}
}
}
}
] )

The example pipeline:

  • Uses $group to group the results by gameId.

  • Specifies the fields that are output from $bottomN with output : ["$playerId", "$score"].

  • Uses sort by { "score": -1 } to sort the results in descending order.

  • Uses $bottomN to return the bottom three documents with the lowest score for each game with n: 3.

The operation returns the following results:

[
{
_id: "G1",
playerId: [ [ "PlayerB", 33 ], [ "PlayerA", 31 ], [ "PlayerD", 1 ] ]
},
{
_id: "G2",
playerId: [ [ "PlayerC", 66 ], [ "PlayerB", 14 ], [ "PlayerA", 10 ] ]
}
]

The SQL equivalent to this query is:

SELECT PLAYERID,GAMEID,SCORE
FROM(
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY GAMEID ORDER BY SCORE DESC) AS GAMERANK,
GAMEID,PLAYERID,SCORE
FROM GAMESCORES
) AS T
WHERE GAMERANK >= 2
ORDER BY GAMEID

You can also assign the value of n dynamically. In this example, the $cond expression is used on the gameId field.

db.gamescores.aggregate([
{
$group:
{
_id: {"gameId": "$gameId"},
gamescores:
{
$bottomN:
{
output: "$score",
n: { $cond: { if: {$eq: ["$gameId","G2"] }, then: 1, else: 3 } },
sortBy: { "score": -1 }
}
}
}
}
] )

The example pipeline:

  • Use $group to group the results by gameId.

  • Specifies the fields that are output from $bottomN with output : "$score".

  • If the gameId is G2 then n is 1, otherwise n is 3.

  • Uses sort by { "score": -1 } to sort the results in descending order.

The operation returns the following results:

[
{ _id: { gameId: "G2" }, gamescores: [ 10 ] },
{ _id: { gameId: "G1" }, gamescores: [ 33, 31, 1 ] }
]

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$bottom (aggregation accumulator)