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$addToSet (aggregation)

項目一覧

定義

バージョン 5.0 での変更。

$addToSet

$addToSet returns an array of all unique values that results from applying an 式 to each document in a group.

The order of the elements in the returned array is unspecified.

$addToSetは、次のステージで使用できます。

構文

$addToSet構文:

{ $addToSet: <expression> }

式の詳細については、「式演算子」を参照してください。

動作

If the value of the expression is an array, $addToSet appends the whole array as a single element.

If the value of the expression is a document, MongoDB determines that the document is a duplicate if another document in the array matches the to-be-added document exactly. Specifically, the existing document has the exact same fields and values in the exact same order.

例

$group ステージで使用

以下のドキュメントを持つsalesコレクションを考えてみましょう。

{ "_id" : 1, "item" : "abc", "price" : 10, "quantity" : 2, "date" : ISODate("2014-01-01T08:00:00Z") }
{ "_id" : 2, "item" : "jkl", "price" : 20, "quantity" : 1, "date" : ISODate("2014-02-03T09:00:00Z") }
{ "_id" : 3, "item" : "xyz", "price" : 5, "quantity" : 5, "date" : ISODate("2014-02-03T09:05:00Z") }
{ "_id" : 4, "item" : "abc", "price" : 10, "quantity" : 10, "date" : ISODate("2014-02-15T08:00:00Z") }
{ "_id" : 5, "item" : "xyz", "price" : 5, "quantity" : 10, "date" : ISODate("2014-02-15T09:12:00Z") }

Grouping the documents by the day and the year of the date field, the following operation uses the $addToSet accumulator to compute the list of unique items sold for each group:

db.sales.aggregate(
   [
     {
       $group:
         {
           _id: { day: { $dayOfYear: "$date"}, year: { $year: "$date" } },
           itemsSold: { $addToSet: "$item" }
         }
     }
   ]
)

この操作は次の結果を返します。

{ "_id" : { "day" : 46, "year" : 2014 }, "itemsSold" : [ "xyz", "abc" ] }
{ "_id" : { "day" : 34, "year" : 2014 }, "itemsSold" : [ "xyz", "jkl" ] }
{ "_id" : { "day" : 1, "year" : 2014 }, "itemsSold" : [ "abc" ] }

$setWindowFields ステージで使用

バージョン 5.0 で追加

カリフォルニア州（CA）とワシントン州（WA）のケーキ販売を含む cakeSales コレクションを作成します。

db.cakeSales.insertMany( [
   { _id: 0, type: "chocolate", orderDate: new Date("2020-05-18T14:10:30Z"),
     state: "CA", price: 13, quantity: 120 },
   { _id: 1, type: "chocolate", orderDate: new Date("2021-03-20T11:30:05Z"),
     state: "WA", price: 14, quantity: 140 },
   { _id: 2, type: "vanilla", orderDate: new Date("2021-01-11T06:31:15Z"),
     state: "CA", price: 12, quantity: 145 },
   { _id: 3, type: "vanilla", orderDate: new Date("2020-02-08T13:13:23Z"),
     state: "WA", price: 13, quantity: 104 },
   { _id: 4, type: "strawberry", orderDate: new Date("2019-05-18T16:09:01Z"),
     state: "CA", price: 41, quantity: 162 },
   { _id: 5, type: "strawberry", orderDate: new Date("2019-01-08T06:12:03Z"),
     state: "WA", price: 43, quantity: 134 }
] )

This example uses $addToSet in the $setWindowFields stage to output the unique cake type sales for each state:

db.cakeSales.aggregate( [
   {
      $setWindowFields: {
         partitionBy: "$state",
         sortBy: { orderDate: 1 },
         output: {
            cakeTypesForState: {
               $addToSet: "$type",
               window: {
                  documents: [ "unbounded", "current" ]
               }
            }
         }
      }
   }
] )

この例では、次のことが行われます。

  • partitionBy: "$state" はコレクション内のドキュメントを state でパーティショニングします。CA と WA 用のパーティションがあります。

  • sortBy: { orderDate: 1 } は、各パーティション内のドキュメントを orderDate を基準に昇順（1）にソートするため、最も古い orderDate が最初になります。

  • output adds each unique cake type to the cakeTypesForState array field using $addToSet that is run in a ドキュメント window.

    The ウィンドウ contains documents between an unbounded lower limit and the current document. This means $addToSet returns an array containing the unique cake type fields for the documents between the beginning of the partition and the current document.

In this example output, the cake type array for CA and WA is shown in the cakeTypesForState field:

{ "_id" : 4, "type" : "strawberry", "orderDate" : ISODate("2019-05-18T16:09:01Z"),
  "state" : "CA", "price" : 41, "quantity" : 162,
  "cakeTypesForState" : [ "strawberry" ] }
{ "_id" : 0, "type" : "chocolate", "orderDate" : ISODate("2020-05-18T14:10:30Z"),
  "state" : "CA", "price" : 13, "quantity" : 120,
  "cakeTypesForState" : [ "strawberry", "chocolate" ] }
{ "_id" : 2, "type" : "vanilla", "orderDate" : ISODate("2021-01-11T06:31:15Z"),
  "state" : "CA", "price" : 12, "quantity" : 145,
  "cakeTypesForState" : [ "strawberry", "vanilla", "chocolate" ] }
{ "_id" : 5, "type" : "strawberry", "orderDate" : ISODate("2019-01-08T06:12:03Z"),
  "state" : "WA", "price" : 43, "quantity" : 134,
  "cakeTypesForState" : [ "strawberry" ] }
{ "_id" : 3, "type" : "vanilla", "orderDate" : ISODate("2020-02-08T13:13:23Z"),
  "state" : "WA", "price" : 13, "quantity" : 104,
  "cakeTypesForState" : [ "vanilla", "strawberry" ] }
{ "_id" : 1, "type" : "chocolate", "orderDate" : ISODate("2021-03-20T11:30:05Z"),
  "state" : "WA", "price" : 14, "quantity" : 140,
  "cakeTypesForState" : [ "vanilla", "chocolate", "strawberry" ] }

戻る

$add

次へ

$allElementsTrue