$firstN
定義
バージョン 5.2 で追加。
$firstN
can be used as an aggregation accumulator or array operator. As
an aggregation accumulator, it returns an aggregation of the first n
elements within a group. As an array operator, it returns the
specified number of elements from the beginning of an array.
Aggregation Accumulator
When $firstN
is used as an aggregation accumulator, the elements returned
are meaningful only if they are in a specified sort order. If the group contains
fewer than n
elements, $firstN
returns all elements in the group.
構文
When used as an aggregation accumulator, $firstN
has the following syntax:
{ $firstN: { input: <expression>, n: <expression> } }
input
specifies the field(s) from the document to take the firstn
of. Input can be any expression.n
has to be a positive integral expression that is either a constant or depends on the_id
value for$group
. For details see group key example.
動作
NULL および欠損値
$firstN
は null 値を除外しません。$firstN
は欠落値を null に変換します。
Consider the following aggregation that returns the first five documents from a group:
db.aggregate( [ { $documents: [ { playerId: "PlayerA", gameId: "G1", score: 1 }, { playerId: "PlayerB", gameId: "G1", score: 2 }, { playerId: "PlayerC", gameId: "G1", score: 3 }, { playerId: "PlayerD", gameId: "G1"}, { playerId: "PlayerE", gameId: "G1", score: null } ] }, { $group: { _id: "$gameId", firstFiveScores: { $firstN: { input: "$score", n: 5 } } } } ] )
この例では、次のことが行われます。
$documents
は、プレイヤーのスコアを含むリテラル ドキュメントを作成します。$group
はドキュメントをgameId
でグループ化します。 この例ではgameId
、G1
は 1 つのみです。PlayerD
にはスコアがあり、PlayerE
には nullscore
があります。 これらの値は両方とも null と見なされます。The
firstFiveScores
field is specified usinginput : "$score"
and returned as an array.Since there is no sort criteria the first 5
score
fields are returned.
[ { _id: 'G1', firstFiveScores: [ 1, 2, 3, null, null ] } ]
アキュムレータと アキュムレータの比較$firstN
$topN
Both $firstN
and $topN
accumulators can accomplish similar
results.
一般に、
If the documents coming into
$group
are already ordered, you should use$firstN
.If you're sorting and selecting the top
n
elements then you can use$topN
to accomplish both tasks with one accumulator.$firstN
can be used as an aggregation expression,$topN
cannot.
制限事項
ウィンドウ関数と集計式のサポート
$firstN
is supported as an
aggregation expression.
$firstN
はwindow operator
としてサポートされています。
例
以下のドキュメントを持つgamescores
コレクションを考えてみましょう。
db.gamescores.insertMany([ { playerId: "PlayerA", gameId: "G1", score: 31 }, { playerId: "PlayerB", gameId: "G1", score: 33 }, { playerId: "PlayerC", gameId: "G1", score: 99 }, { playerId: "PlayerD", gameId: "G1", score: 1 }, { playerId: "PlayerA", gameId: "G2", score: 10 }, { playerId: "PlayerB", gameId: "G2", score: 14 }, { playerId: "PlayerC", gameId: "G2", score: 66 }, { playerId: "PlayerD", gameId: "G2", score: 80 } ])
Find the First Three Player Scores for a Single Game
You can use the $firstN
accumulator to find the first three scores
in a single game.
db.gamescores.aggregate( [ { $match : { gameId : "G1" } }, { $group: { _id: "$gameId", firstThreeScores: { $firstN: { input: ["$playerId", "$score"], n:3 } } } } ] )
サンプル パイプライン:
$match
を使用して結果を単一のgameId
でフィルタリングします。 この場合は、G1
ます。$group
を使用して結果をgameId
でグループ化します。 この場合は、G1
ます。を使用して
$firstN
input : ["$playerId"," $score"]
に入力するフィールドを指定します。Uses
$firstN
to return the first three documents for theG1
game withn : 3
.
この操作は次の結果を返します。
[ { _id: 'G1', firstThreeScores: [ [ 'PlayerA', 31 ], [ 'PlayerB', 33 ], [ 'PlayerC', 99 ] ] } ]
Finding the First Three Player Scores Across Multiple Games
You can use the $firstN
accumulator to find the first n
input fields in each game.
db.gamescores.aggregate( [ { $group: { _id: "$gameId", playerId: { $firstN: { input: [ "$playerId","$score" ], n: 3 } } } } ] )
サンプル パイプライン:
$group
を使用して結果をgameId
でグループ化します。Uses
$firstN
to return the first three documents for each game withn: 3
.を使用して
$firstN
input : ["$playerId", "$score"]
に入力するフィールドを指定します。
この操作は次の結果を返します。
[ { _id: 'G1', playerId: [ [ 'PlayerA', 31 ], [ 'PlayerB', 33 ], [ 'PlayerC', 99 ] ] }, { _id: 'G2', playerId: [ [ 'PlayerA', 10 ], [ 'PlayerB', 14 ], [ 'PlayerC', 66 ] ] } ]
Using $sort
With $firstN
Using a $sort
stage earlier in the pipeline can influence the
results of the $firstN
accumulator.
この例では、次のことが行われます。
{$sort : { score : -1 } }
sorts the highest scores to the back of each group.firstN
returns the three highest scores from front of each group.
db.gamescores.aggregate( [ { $sort : { score : -1 } }, { $group: { _id: "$gameId", playerId: { $firstN: { input: [ "$playerId","$score" ], n: 3 } } } } ] )
この操作は次の結果を返します。
[ { _id: 'G2', playerId: [ [ 'PlayerD', 80 ], [ 'PlayerC', 66 ], [ 'PlayerB', 14 ] ] }, { _id: 'G1', playerId: [ [ 'PlayerC', 99 ], [ 'PlayerB', 33 ], [ 'PlayerA', 31 ] ] } ]
$group
のグループキーに基づいてn
を計算
また、 n
の値を動的に割り当てることもできます。 この例では、 $cond
式はgameId
フィールドで使用されています。
db.gamescores.aggregate([ { $group: { _id: {"gameId": "$gameId"}, gamescores: { $firstN: { input: "$score", n: { $cond: { if: {$eq: ["$gameId","G2"] }, then: 1, else: 3 } } } } } } ] )
サンプル パイプライン:
$group
を使用して結果をgameId
でグループ化します。input : "$score"
を使用して$firstN
に入力するフィールドを指定します。gameId
がG2
の場合、n
は 1、それ以外の場合、n
は 3 になります。
この操作は次の結果を返します。
[ { _id: { gameId: 'G1' }, gamescores: [ 31, 33, 99 ] }, { _id: { gameId: 'G2' }, gamescores: [ 10 ] } ]
Using $firstN
as an Aggregation Expression
You can also use $firstN
as an aggregation expression.
この例では、次のことが行われます。
$documents
creates the literal document that contains an array of values.$project
is used to return the output of$firstN
._id
is omited from the output with_id : 0
.$firstN
uses the input array of[10, 20, 30, 40]
.The first three elements of the array are returned for the input document.
db.aggregate( [ { $documents: [ { array: [10, 20, 30, 40] } ] }, { $project: { firstThreeElements:{ $firstN: { input: "$array", n: 3 } } } } ] )
この操作は次の結果を返します。
[ { firstThreeElements: [ 10, 20, 30 ] } ]
配列演算子
構文
When used as an array operator, $firstN
has the following syntax:
{ $firstN: { n: <expression>, input: <expression> } }
動作
$firstN
returns elements in the same order they appear in the input array.$firstN
does not filter outnull
values in the input array.1
n
の値は指定できません。If the specified
n
is greater than or equal to the number of elements in theinput
array,$firstN
returns theinput
array.If
input
resolves to a non-array value, the aggregation operation errors.
例
The collection games
has the following documents:
db.games.insertMany([ { "playerId" : 1, "score" : [ 1, 2, 3 ] }, { "playerId" : 2, "score" : [ 12, 90, 7, 89, 8 ] }, { "playerId" : 3, "score" : [ null ] }, { "playerId" : 4, "score" : [ ] }, { "playerId" : 5, "score" : [ 1293, null, 3489, 9 ]}, { "playerId" : 6, "score" : [ "12.1", 2, NumberLong("2090845886852"), 23 ]} ])
The following example uses the $firstN
operator to retrieve the
first three scores for each player. The scores are returned in the new field
firstScores
created by $addFields
.
db.games.aggregate([ { $addFields: { firstScores: { $firstN: { n: 3, input: "$score" } } } } ])
この操作は次の結果を返します。
[{ "playerId": 1, "score": [ 1, 2, 3 ], "firstScores": [ 1, 2, 3 ] }, { "playerId": 2, "score": [ 12, 90, 7, 89, 8 ], "firstScores": [ 12, 90, 7 ] }, { "playerId": 3, "score": [ null ], "firstScores": [ null ] }, { "playerId": 4, "score": [ ], "firstScores": [ ] }, { "playerId": 5, "score": [ 1293, null, 3489, 9 ], "firstScores": [ 1293, null, 3489 ] }, { "playerId": 6, "score": [ "12.1", 2, NumberLong("2090845886852"), 23 ], "firstScores": [ "12.1", 2, NumberLong("2090845886852") ] }]
以下も参照してください。