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$sin (aggregation)

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  • Definition
  • Behavior
  • Example

Definition

$sin

Returns the sine of a value that is measured in radians.

$sin has the following syntax:

{ $sin: <expression> }

$sin takes any valid expression that resolves to a number. If the expression returns a value in degrees, use the $degreesToRadians operator to convert the result to radians.

By default $sin returns values as a double. $sin can also return values as a 128-bit decimal as long as the <expression> resolves to a 128-bit decimal value.

For more information on expressions, see Expression Operators.

Behavior

null, NaN, and +/- Infinity

If the argument resolves to a value of null or refers to a field that is missing, $sin returns null. If the argument resolves to NaN, $sin returns NaN. If the argument resolves to negative or positive infinity, $sin throws an error.

Example
Results
{ $sin: NaN }
NaN
{ $sin: null }
null

{ $sin : Infinity}

or

{ $sin : -Infinity }

Throws an error message resembling the following formatted output:

"errmsg" :
  "Failed to optimize pipeline :: caused by :: cannot
  apply $sin to -inf, value must in (-inf,inf)"

Example

The trigonometry collection contains a document that stores the hypotenuse and one angle in a right-angle triangle:

{
  "_id" : ObjectId("5c50782193f833234ba90d85"),
  "angle_a" : NumberDecimal("53.13010235415597870314438744090659"),
  "hypotenuse" : NumberDecimal("5")
}

The following aggregation operation uses the $sin expression to calculate the side opposite to angle_a and add it to the input document using the $addFields pipeline stage.

db.trigonometry.aggregate([
  {
    $addFields : {
      "side_b" : {
        $multiply : [
          { $sin : {$degreesToRadians : "$angle_a"} },
          "$hypotenuse"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
])

The $degreesToRadians expression converts the degree value of angle_a to the equivalent value in radians.

The command returns the following output:

{
  "_id" : ObjectId("5c50782193f833234ba90d85"),
  "angle_a" : NumberDecimal("53.13010235415597870314438744090659"),
  "side_b" : NumberDecimal("4.000000000000000000000000000000000"),
  "hypotenuse" : NumberDecimal("5"),
}

Since angle_a and hypotenuse are stored as 128-bit decimals, the output of $sin is a 128-bit decimal.

The trigonometry collection contains a document that stores the hypotenuse and one angle in a right-angle triangle:

{
  "_id" : ObjectId("5c50782193f833234ba90d85"),
  "angle_a" : NumberDecimal("0.9272952180016122324285124629224288"),
  "hypotenuse" : NumberDecimal("5")
}

The following aggregation operation uses the $sin expression to calculate the side opposite to angle_a and add it to the input document using the $addFields pipeline stage.

db.trigonometry.aggregate([
  {
    $addFields : {
      "side_b" : {
        $multiply : [
          { $sin : "$angle_a" },
          "$hypotenuse"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
])

The command returns the following output:

{
  "_id" : ObjectId("5c50782193f833234ba90d85"),
  "angle_a" : NumberDecimal("0.9272952180016122324285124629224288"),
  "side_b" : NumberDecimal("4.000000000000000000000000000000000"),
  "hypotenuse" : NumberDecimal("5"),
}

Since angle_a and hypotenuse are stored as 128-bit decimals, the output of $sin is a 128-bit decimal.

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