허용된 필드 값 지정

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Context
단계

When you create a JSON Schema, you can specify what values are allowed in a particular field. Use this functionality to ensure that your field values belong to an expected set of values, such as a list of countries. Similarly, you can use this functionality to prevent human error, such as typos, when inserting data into a collection.

Context

To specify a list of allowed values, use the enum keyword in your JSON schema. The enum keyword means "enumerate", and is used to list possible values of a field.

단계

Consider a clothing company that only ships products to France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In the validator, you can list the allowed country values and reject documents that specify a different country.

Create a collection with validation containing `enum`.

0} 컬렉션을 $jsonSchema 만들고 shipping 연산자를 사용하여 스키마 유효성 검사 규칙을 설정합니다.

db.createCollection("shipping", {
   validator: {
      $jsonSchema: {
         bsonType: "object",
         title: "Shipping Country Validation",
         properties: {
            country: {
               enum: [ "France", "United Kingdom", "United States" ],
               description: "Must be either France, United Kingdom, or United States"
            }
         }
      }
   }
} )

The enum field in the country object only allows documents where the country field is either France, United Kingdom, or United States.

유효성 검사를 통해 유효하지 않은 문서를 방지하는지 확인합니다.

The following insert operation fails because country is Germany, which isn't in the list of allowed values.

db.shipping.insertOne( {
   item: "sweater",
   size: "medium",
   country: "Germany"
} )

이 작업은 다음 오류를 반환합니다.

MongoServerError: Document failed validation
Additional information: {
  failingDocumentId: ObjectId("630d1057931191850b40d0aa"),
  details: {
    operatorName: '$jsonSchema',
    title: 'Shipping Country Validation',
    schemaRulesNotSatisfied: [
      {
        operatorName: 'properties',
        propertiesNotSatisfied: [
          {
            propertyName: 'country',
            description: 'Must be either France, United Kingdom, or United States',
            details: [
              {
                operatorName: 'enum',
                specifiedAs: {
                  enum: [ 'France', 'United Kingdom', 'United States' ]
                },
                reason: 'value was not found in enum',
                consideredValue: 'Germany'
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Insert a valid document.

The insert succeeds after you change the country field to one of the allowed values:

db.shipping.insertOne( {
   item: "sweater",
   size: "medium",
   country: "France"
} )

유효한 문서를 쿼리합니다.

문서가 성공적으로 삽입되었는지 확인하려면 shipping 컬렉션을 쿼리합니다.

db.shipping.find()

MongoDB returns the document:

[
  {
    _id: ObjectId("630d10d5931191850b40d0ab"),
    item: 'sweater',
    size: 'medium',
    country: 'France'
  }
]

돌아가기

Specify JSON Validation

모범 사례