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$trim (aggregation)

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  • Definition
  • Behavior
  • Example
$trim

Removes whitespace characters, including null, or the specified characters from the beginning and end of a string.

$trim has the following syntax:

{ $trim: { input: <string>, chars: <string> } }

The $trim takes a document with the following fields:

Field
Description
input
The string to trim. The argument can be any valid expression that resolves to a string. For more information on expressions, see Expression Operators.
chars

Optional. The character(s) to trim from input.

The argument can be any valid expression that resolves to a string. The $trim operator breaks down the string into individual UTF code point to trim from input.

If unspecified, $trim removes whitespace characters, including the null character. For the list of whitespace characters, see Whitespace Characters.

Tip

See also:

  • $ltrim

  • $rtrim

  • By default, $trim removes whitespace characters, including the null character:

    Example
    Results
    { $trim: { input: " \n good bye \t " } }
    "good bye"
  • You can override the default characters to trim using the chars field.

    For example, the following trims any g and e from the start and end of the input. Since the input starts with a whitespace, neither character can be trimmed from the start of the string.

    Example
    Results
    { $trim: { input: " ggggoodbyeeeee", chars: "ge" } }
    " ggggoodby"
  • If overriding the default characters to trim, you can explicitly include the whitespace character(s) to trim in the chars field.

    For example, the following trims any space, g, e from the start and end of the input.

    Example
    Results
    { $trim: { input: " ggggoodbyeeeee", chars: " ge" } }
    "oodby"

By default, $trim removes the following whitespaces, including the null character:

Unicode
Escape sequence
Description
U+0000
'0'
Null character
U+0020
' '
Space
U+0009
't'
Horizontal tab
U+000A
'n'
Line feed/new line
U+000B
'v'
Vertical tab
U+000C
'f'
Form feed
U+000D
'r'
Carriage return
U+00A0
Non-breaking space
U+1680
Ogham space mark
U+2000
En quad
U+2001
Em quad
U+2002
En space
U+2003
Em space
U+2004
Three-per-em space
U+2005
Four-per-em space
U+2006
Six-per-em space
U+2007
Figure space
U+2008
Punctuation space
U+2009
Thin space
U+200A
Hair space

Consider an inventory collection with the following documents:

{ "_id" : 1, "item" : "ABC1", quarter: "13Q1", "description" : " product 1" }
{ "_id" : 2, "item" : "ABC2", quarter: "13Q4", "description" : "product 2 \n The product is in stock. \n\n " }
{ "_id" : 3, "item" : "XYZ1", quarter: "14Q2", "description" : null }

The following operation uses the $trim operator to remove leading and trailing whitespaces from the description field:

db.inventory.aggregate([
{ $project: { item: 1, description: { $trim: { input: "$description" } } } }
])

The operation returns the following results:

{ "_id" : 1, "item" : "ABC1", "description" : "product 1" }
{ "_id" : 3, "item" : "XYZ1", "description" : null }
{ "_id" : 2, "item" : "ABC2", "description" : "product 2 \n The product is in stock." }

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