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db.collection.explain()

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  • Description
  • Compatibility
  • Behavior
  • Output
  • Examples

MongoDB with drivers

This page documents a mongosh method. To see the equivalent method in a MongoDB driver, see the corresponding page for your programming language:

C#Java SyncNode.jsPyMongoCC++GoJava RSKotlin CoroutineKotlin SyncPHPMongoidRustScala

Description

db.collection.explain()

Returns information on the query plan for the following methods:

  • aggregate()

  • count()

Returns information on mapReduce().

To use db.collection.explain(), append one of the aforementioned methods to db.collection.explain():

db.collection.explain().<method(...)>

For example,

db.products.explain().remove( { category: "apparel" }, { justOne: true } )

For more examples, see Examples. See also db.collection.explain().help().

The db.collection.explain() method has the following parameter:

Parameter
Type
Description
verbosity
string

Optional. Specifies the verbosity mode for the explain output. The mode affects the behavior of explain() and determines the amount of information to return. The possible modes are:

  • "queryPlanner" (Default)

  • "executionStats"

  • "allPlansExecution"

For backwards compatibility with earlier versions of cursor.explain(), MongoDB interprets true as "allPlansExecution" and false as "queryPlanner".

For more information on the modes, see Verbosity Modes.

Compatibility

This method is available in deployments hosted in the following environments:

  • MongoDB Atlas: The fully managed service for MongoDB deployments in the cloud

Note

This command is supported in all MongoDB Atlas clusters. For information on Atlas support for all commands, see Unsupported Commands.

Behavior

Note

Using explain ignores all existing plan cache entries and prevents the MongoDB query planner from creating a new plan cache entry.

Verbosity Modes

The behavior of db.collection.explain() and the amount of information returned depend on the verbosity mode.

By default, db.collection.explain() runs in queryPlanner verbosity mode.

MongoDB runs the query optimizer to choose the winning plan for the operation under evaluation. db.collection.explain() returns the queryPlanner information for the evaluated method.

MongoDB runs the query optimizer to choose the winning plan, executes the winning plan to completion, and returns statistics describing the execution of the winning plan.

For write operations, db.collection.explain() returns information about the update or delete operations that would be performed, but does not apply the modifications to the database.

db.collection.explain() returns the queryPlanner and executionStats information for the evaluated method. However, executionStats does not provide query execution information for the rejected plans.

MongoDB runs the query optimizer to choose the winning plan and executes the winning plan to completion. In "allPlansExecution" mode, MongoDB returns statistics describing the execution of the winning plan as well as statistics for the other candidate plans captured during plan selection.

For write operations, db.collection.explain() returns information about the update or delete operations that would be performed, but does not apply the modifications to the database.

db.collection.explain() returns the queryPlanner and executionStats information for the evaluated method. The executionStats includes the completed query execution information for the winning plan.

If the query optimizer considered more than one plan, executionStats information also includes the partial execution information captured during the plan selection phase for both the winning and rejected candidate plans.

Explain and Write Operations

For write operations, db.collection.explain() returns information about the write operation that would be performed but does not actually modify the database.

Restrictions

You cannot run the explain command/db.collection.explain() in executionStats mode or allPlansExecution mode for an aggregation pipeline that contains the $out stage. Instead, you can either:

  • run the explain in queryPlanner mode or

  • run the explain in executionStats mode or allPlansExecution mode but without the $out stage to return information for the stages that precede the $out stage.

explain() Mechanics

The db.collection.explain() method wraps the explain command and is the preferred way to run explain.

db.collection.explain().find() is similar to db.collection.find().explain() with the following key differences:

db.collection.explain().aggregate() is equivalent to passing the explain option to the db.collection.aggregate() method.

help()

To see the list of operations supported by db.collection.explain(), run:

db.collection.explain().help()

db.collection.explain().find() returns a cursor, which allows for the chaining of query modifiers. To see the list of query modifiers supported by db.collection.explain().find() as well as cursor-related methods, run:

db.collection.explain().find().help()

You can chain multiple modifiers to db.collection.explain().find(). For an example, see Explain find() with Modifiers.

Output

db.collection.explain() operations can return information regarding:

  • explainVersion, the output format version (for example, "1").

  • command, which details the command being explained.

  • queryShapeHash, starting in MongoDB 8.0, which is a hexadecimal string with the hash of a query shape. For details, see Query Shapes, Query Shape Hash, and explain.queryShapeHash.

  • queryPlanner, which details the plan selected by the query optimizer and lists the rejected plans.

  • executionStats, which details the execution of the winning plan and the rejected plans.

  • serverInfo, which provides information on the MongoDB instance.

  • serverParameters, which details internal parameters.

The verbosity mode (i.e. queryPlanner, executionStats, allPlansExecution) determines whether the results include executionStats and whether executionStats includes data captured during plan selection.

Explain output is limited by the maximum Nested Depth for BSON Documents, which is 100 levels of nesting. Explain output that exceeds the limit is truncated.

For details on the output, see Explain Results.

Examples

queryPlanner Mode

By default, db.collection.explain() runs in "queryPlanner" verbosity mode.

The following example runs db.collection.explain() in "queryPlanner" verbosity mode to return the query planning information for the specified count() operation:

db.products.explain().count( { quantity: { $gt: 50 } } )

executionStats Mode

The following example runs db.collection.explain() in "executionStats" verbosity mode to return the query planning and execution information for the specified find() operation:

db.products.explain("executionStats").find(
   { quantity: { $gt: 50 }, category: "apparel" }
)

allPlansExecution Mode

The following example runs db.collection.explain() in "allPlansExecution" verbosity mode. db.collection.explain() returns the queryPlanner and executionStats for all considered plans for the specified findAndModify() operation:

Note

The execution of this explain will not modify data but runs the query predicate of the update operation. For candidate plans, MongoDB returns the execution information captured during the plan selection phase.

db.products.explain( "allPlansExecution" ).findAndModify( {
   query: { name: "Tom", state: "active", rating: { $gt: 10 } },
   sort: { rating: 1 },
   update: { $inc: { score: 1 } }
} )

Explain find() with Modifiers

db.collection.explain().find() construct allows for the chaining of query modifiers. For example, the following operation provides information on the find() method with sort() and hint() query modifiers.

db.products.explain("executionStats").find(
   { quantity: { $gt: 50 }, category: "apparel" }
).sort( { quantity: -1 } ).hint( { category: 1, quantity: -1 } )

For a list of query modifiers available, run the following in mongosh:

db.collection.explain().find().help()

Iterate the explain().find() Return Cursor

db.collection.explain().find() returns a cursor to the explain results. If run interactively in mongosh, mongosh automatically iterates the cursor using the .next() method. For scripts, however, you must explicitly call .next() (or its alias .finish()) to return the results:

var explainResult = db.products.explain().find( { category: "apparel" } ).next();

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