db.watch()

Definition

db.watch( pipeline, options )

For replica sets and sharded clusters only

Opens a change stream cursor for a database to report on all its non-system collections.

Parameter	Type	Description
pipeline	array	Optional. An Aggregation Pipeline consisting of one or more of the following aggregation stages: $addFields $match $project $replaceRoot $replaceWith (Available starting in MongoDB 4.2) $redact $set (Available starting in MongoDB 4.2) $unset (Available starting in MongoDB 4.2) Specify a pipeline to filter/modify the change events output. Starting in MongoDB 4.2, change streams will throw an exception if the change stream aggregation pipeline modifies an event's _id field.
options	document	Optional. Additional options that modify the behavior of db.watch().

The options document can contain the following fields and values:

Field	Type	Description
resumeAfter	document	Optional. Directs db.watch() to attempt resuming notifications starting after the operation specified in the resume token. Each change stream event document includes a resume token as the _id field. Pass the entire _id field of the change event document that represents the operation you want to resume after. resumeAfter is mutually exclusive with startAfter and startAtOperationTime.
startAfter	document	Optional. Directs db.watch() to attempt starting a new change stream after the operation specified in the resume token. Allows notifications to resume after an invalidate event. Each change stream event document includes a resume token as the _id field. Pass the entire _id field of the change event document that represents the operation you want to resume after. startAfter is mutually exclusive with resumeAfter and startAtOperationTime. New in version 4.2.
fullDocument	string	Optional. By default, db.watch() returns the delta of those fields modified by an update operation, instead of the entire updated document. Set fullDocument to "updateLookup" to direct db.watch() to look up the most current majority-committed version of the updated document. db.watch() returns a fullDocument field with the document lookup in addition to the updateDescription delta. Starting in MongoDB 6.0, you can set fullDocument to: "whenAvailable" to output the document post-image, if available, after the document was inserted, replaced, or updated. "required" to output the document post-image after the document was inserted, replaced, or updated. Raises an error if the post-image is not available.
fullDocumentBeforeChange	string	Optional. Default is "off". Starting in MongoDB 6.0, you can use the new fullDocumentBeforeChange field and set it to: "whenAvailable" to output the document pre-image, if available, before the document was replaced, updated, or deleted. "required" to output the document pre-image before the document was replaced, updated, or deleted. Raises an error if the pre-image is not available. "off" to suppress the document pre-image. "off" is the default.
batchSize	int	Optional. Specifies the maximum number of change events to return in each batch of the response from the MongoDB cluster. Has the same functionality as cursor.batchSize().
maxAwaitTimeMS	int	Optional. The maximum amount of time in milliseconds the server waits for new data changes to report to the change stream cursor before returning an empty batch. Defaults to 1000 milliseconds.
collation	document	Optional. Pass a collation document to specify a collation for the change stream cursor. If omitted, defaults to simple binary comparison.
startAtOperationTime	Timestamp	Optional. The starting point for the change stream. If the specified starting point is in the past, it must be in the time range of the oplog. To check the time range of the oplog, see rs.printReplicationInfo(). startAtOperationTime is mutually exclusive with resumeAfter and startAfter.

Returns:	A cursor over the change event documents. See Change Events for examples of change event documents.

Tip

See also:

db.collection.watch() and Mongo.watch()

Availability

Behavior

• You cannot run db.watch() on the admin, local, or config database.

• db.watch() only notifies on data changes that have persisted to a majority of data-bearing members.

• The change stream cursor remains open until one of the following occurs:

  • The cursor is explicitly closed.

  • An invalidate event occurs; for example, a collection drop or rename.

  • The connection to the MongoDB deployment is closed.

  • If the deployment is a sharded cluster, a shard removal may cause an open change stream cursor to close, and the closed change stream cursor may not be fully resumable.

• You can run db.watch() for a database that does not exist. However, once the database is created and you drop the database, the change stream cursor closes.

Access Control

When running with access control, the user must have the find and changeStream privilege actions on the database resource. That is, a user must have a role that grants the following privilege:

{ resource: { db: <dbname>, collection: "" }, actions: [ "find", "changeStream"] }

The built-in read role provides the appropriate privileges.

Cursor Iteration

MongoDB provides multiple ways to iterate on a cursor.

The cursor.hasNext() method blocks and waits for the next event. To monitor the watchCursor cursor and iterate over the events, use hasNext() like this:

while (!watchCursor.isClosed()) {
   if (watchCursor.hasNext()) {
     firstChange = watchCursor.next();
     break;
   }
}

The cursor.tryNext() method is non-blocking. To monitor the watchCursor cursor and iterate over the events, use tryNext() like this:

while (!watchCursor.isClosed()) {
  let next = watchCursor.tryNext()
  while (next !== null) {
    printjson(next);
    next = watchCursor.tryNext()
  }
}

Example

The following operation in mongosh opens a change stream cursor on the hr database. The returned cursor reports on data changes to all the non-system collections in that database.

watchCursor = db.getSiblingDB("hr").watch()

Iterate the cursor to check for new events. Use the cursor.isClosed() method with the cursor.tryNext() method to ensure the loop only exits if the change stream cursor is closed and there are no objects remaining in the latest batch:

while (!watchCursor.isClosed()) {
  let next = watchCursor.tryNext()
  while (next !== null) {
    printjson(next);
    next = watchCursor.tryNext()
  }
}

For complete documentation on change stream output, see Change Events.