$function (aggregation)
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Definição
$function
Importante
JavaScript do lado do servidor obsoleto
Starting in MongoDB 8.0, server-side JavaScript functions (
$accumulator
,$function
,$where
) are deprecated. MongoDB logs a warning when you run these functions.Defines a custom aggregation function or expression in JavaScript.
You can use the
$function
operator to define custom functions to implement behavior not supported by the MongoDB Query Language. See also$accumulator
.Importante
Executing JavaScript inside an aggregation expression may decrease performance. Only use the
$function
operator if the provided pipeline operators cannot fulfill your application's needs.
Sintaxe
O operador $function
tem a seguinte sintaxe:
{ $function: { body: <code>, args: <array expression>, lang: "js" } }
Campo | Tipo | Descrição |
---|---|---|
String ou código | The function definition. You can specify the function definition as either BSON type Code or String. See also idioma.
ou
| |
Array | Arguments passed to the function body.
If the body function does not take an
argument, you can specify an empty array The array elements can be any BSON type, including Code. See
Example 2: Alternative to | |
String | The language used in the body. You
must specify |
Considerações
Schema Validation Restriction
You cannot use $function
as part of a schema
validation query predicate.
Javascript Enablement
To use $function
, you must have server-side scripting
enabled (default).
Se você não usar $function
(ou $accumulator
, $where
ou mapReduce
), desative o script do lado do servidor:
Para uma instância
mongod
, consulte opção de configuraçãosecurity.javascriptEnabled
ou opção de linha de comando--noscripting
.Para instâncias do
mongos
, consulte a opção de configuraçãosecurity.javascriptEnabled
ou a opção de linha de comando--noscripting
.In earlier versions, MongoDB does not allow JavaScript execution onmongos
instances.
Consulte também ➤ Executar o MongoDB com opções de configuração seguras.
Alternative to $where
The query operator $where
can also be used to specify
JavaScript expression. However:
The
$expr
operator allows the use of aggregation expressions within the query language.The
$function
and$accumulator
allows users to define custom aggregation expressions in JavaScript if the provided pipeline operators cannot fulfill your application's needs.
Given the available aggregation operators:
The use of
$expr
with aggregation operators that do not use JavaScript (i.e. non-$function
and non-$accumulator
operators) is faster than$where
because it does not execute JavaScript and should be preferred if possible.However, if you must create custom expressions,
$function
is preferred over$where
.
Funções de array e string não suportadas
MongoDB 6.0 upgrades the internal JavaScript engine used for
server-side JavaScript,
$accumulator
, $function
, and $where
expressions and from MozJS-60 to MozJS-91. Several deprecated,
non-standard array and string functions that existed in MozJS-60 are
removed in MozJS-91.
Para obter a lista completa das funções de array e string removidas, consulte as notas de compatibilidade da versão 6.0.
Exemplos
Example 1: Usage Example
Crie uma coleção de amostra denominada players
com os seguintes documentos:
db.players.insertMany([ { _id: 1, name: "Miss Cheevous", scores: [ 10, 5, 10 ] }, { _id: 2, name: "Miss Ann Thrope", scores: [ 10, 10, 10 ] }, { _id: 3, name: "Mrs. Eppie Delta ", scores: [ 9, 8, 8 ] } ])
The following aggregation operation uses $addFields
to
add new fields to each document:
isFound
whose value is determined by the custom$function
expression that checks whether the MD5 hash of the name is equal to a specified hash.message
whose value is determined by the custom$function
expression that format a string message using a template.
db.players.aggregate( [ { $addFields: { isFound: { $function: { body: function(name) { return hex_md5(name) == "15b0a220baa16331e8d80e15367677ad" }, args: [ "$name" ], lang: "js" } }, message: { $function: { body: function(name, scores) { let total = Array.sum(scores); return `Hello ${name}. Your total score is ${total}.` }, args: [ "$name", "$scores"], lang: "js" } } } } ] )
A operação retorna os seguintes documentos:
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "Miss Cheevous", "scores" : [ 10, 5, 10 ], "isFound" : false, "message" : "Hello Miss Cheevous. Your total score is 25." } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "Miss Ann Thrope", "scores" : [ 10, 10, 10 ], "isFound" : true, "message" : "Hello Miss Ann Thrope. Your total score is 30." } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "Mrs. Eppie Delta ", "scores" : [ 9, 8, 8 ], "isFound" : false, "message" : "Hello Mrs. Eppie Delta . Your total score is 25." }
Example 2: Alternative to $where
Observação
Aggregation Alternatives Preferred over $where
The $expr
operator allows the use of
aggregation expressions within the
query language. And the $function
and $accumulator
allows users to define custom aggregation expressions in JavaScript if the
provided pipeline operators cannot fulfill your application's needs.
Given the available aggregation operators:
The use of
$expr
with aggregation operators that do not use JavaScript (i.e. non-$function
and non-$accumulator
operators) is faster than$where
because it does not execute JavaScript and should be preferred if possible.However, if you must create custom expressions,
$function
is preferred over$where
.
As an alternative to a query that uses the $where
operator,
you can use $expr
and $function
. For example,
consider the following $where
example.
db.players.find( { $where: function() { return (hex_md5(this.name) == "15b0a220baa16331e8d80e15367677ad") } } );
The db.collection.find()
operation returns the following document:
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "Miss Ann Thrope", "scores" : [ 10, 10, 10 ] }
The example can be expressed using $expr
and $function
:
db.players.find( {$expr: { $function: { body: function(name) { return hex_md5(name) == "15b0a220baa16331e8d80e15367677ad"; }, args: [ "$name" ], lang: "js" } } } )