与构建者合作

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Overview

样本类
构造筛选器
数组操作符
创建投影
Lambda 表达式
定义排序
定义更新
定义索引密钥
构建聚合管道
将管道结果写入集合
构建 Atlas Search 查询
执行 Atlas Vector Search
更多信息
API 文档

Overview

在本指南中，您可以学习 .NET/C# Driver 提供的助手类或构建器，用于创建操作中使用的类型。使用构建器有助于在编译时识别错误并在运行时避免错误。本指南接受可用于以下任务的构建器类：

创建筛选器定义
创建投影
定义排序顺序
定义更新操作
选择索引键

提示

MongoDB C# Analyzer

C# Analyzer 是一个工具，有助于分析生成器的定义，并了解 .NET/C# 代码如何转换为 MongoDB Query API。有关更多信息和安装说明，请参阅 C# Analzyer 参考页面。

如果想进一步了解如何使用构建器构建定义和语法，请阅读本指南。

样本类

本指南中的代码示例演示了如何使用构建器来创建类型，以便与样本集合 plants.flowers 中的文档进行交互。。此集合中的文档由以下 Flower 类进行建模：

public class Flower
{
    public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Category { get; set; }
    public double Price { get; set; }
    public List<string> Season { get; set; }
    public double Stock { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
}

每个构建者类都采用通用类型参数TDocument，表示您正在使用的文档的类型。在本指南中，Flower 类是每个构建者类示例中使用的文档类型。

构造筛选器

FilterDefinitionBuilder 类提供用于生成查询的类型安全接口。假设您要查询集合中是否存在符合以下条件的文档：

Price 字段值小于 20
Category 字段值为“Perennial”

使用构建者创建具有类型化变体的筛选器定义：

var builder = Builders<Flower>.Filter;
var filter = builder.Lt(f => f.Price, 20) & builder.Eq(f => f.Category, "Perennial");

使用类型变体形式可以保证编译时安全性。此外，您的 IDE 可以提供重构支持。

或者，可使用基于字符串的字段名称来构造筛选器：

var builder = Builders<Flower>.Filter;
var filter = builder.Lt("Price", 20) & builder.Eq("Category", "Perennial");

数组操作符

如果您的文档具有已序列化为数组的属性或字段，则可使用以 Any 开头的方法（例如 AnyEq() 或 AnyLt()）将整个数组与单个项目进行比较。

使用构建器检查集合中的哪些文档具有包含“winter”的 Season 数组：

var builder = Builders<Flower>.Filter;
var filter = builder.AnyEq(f => f.Season, "winter");

创建投影

ProjectionDefinitionBuilder 类提供用于定义投影的类型安全接口。假设您想对 Name 和 Price 字段创建一个投影，但不包括 Id 字段。

使用构建器创建具有类型化变体的投影定义：

var builder = Builders<Flower>.Projection;
var projection = builder.Include(f => f.Name).Include(f => f.Price).Exclude(f => f.Id);

还可以使用基于字符串的字段名称来定义投影：

var builder = Builders<Flower>.Projection;
var projection = builder.Include("Name").Include("Price").Exclude("Id");

最后，可以使用 Expression() 方法定义投影：

var builder = Builders<Flower>.Projection;
var projection = builder.Expression(f => new { Name = f.Name, Price = f.Price });

此定义的返回类型为 ProjectionDefinition<TDocument, TProjection>，而其他定义会返回 ProjectionDefinition<TDocument>。

Lambda 表达式

驱动程序支持使用 lambda 表达式渲染投影。使用 Expression() 方法定义 Find() 投影来创建 lambda 表达式时，驱动程序会检查该表达式，确定引用的字段，并自动构造服务器端投影以仅返回这些字段。

还可以使用 lambda 表达式，通过对文档中的值执行操作来创建新字段。以下示例演示如何使用 lambda 表达式通过 Price 和 Stock 字段投影新的 Profit 字段：

var builder = Builders<Flower>.Projection;
var projection = builder.Expression(f => new { Profit = f.Price * f.Stock });

注意

排除 Id 字段

使用 lambda 表达式创建投影时，输出会自动排除Id字段，除非您明确将 is 作为投影字段包括在内。

定义排序

SortDefinitionBuilder 类提供了一个类型安全的接口，用于构建排序事务语法。假设你要按以下顺序定义排序：

升序 Price
降序 Category

使用构建器创建具有类型化变体的排序定义：

var builder = Builders<Flower>.Sort;
var sort = builder.Ascending(f => f.Price).Descending(f => f.Category);

或者可以使用基于字符串的字段名称来定义排序：

var builder = Builders<Flower>.Sort;
var sort = builder.Ascending("Price").Descending("Category");

定义更新

UpdateDefinitionBuilder 类提供用于构建更新规范的类型安全接口。假设要使用以下标准创建更新规范：

创建新字段 SunRequirement
将 Price 字段值乘以 0.9

使用构建器创建具有类型化变体的更新规范：

var builder = Builders<Flower>.Update;
var update = builder.Set(f => f.SunRequirement, "Full sun").Mul(f => f.Price, 0.9);

或者，可以使用基于字符串的字段名称来定义更新：

var builder = Builders<Flower>.Update;
var update = builder.Set("SunRequirement", "Full sun").Mul("Price", 0.9);

定义索引密钥

IndexKeysDefinitionBuilder 类提供用于定义索引键的类型安全接口。假设您想要选择 Category 作为升序索引键。

使用构建器选择带有类型变体的索引键：

var builder = Builders<Flower>.IndexKeys;
var keys = builder.Ascending(f => f.Category);

或者，可以使用基于字符串的字段名称来选择索引键：

var builder = Builders<BsonDocument>.IndexKeys;
var keys = builder.Ascending("Category");

IndexKeysDefinitionBuilder 类还提供构建通配符索引的方法。可以使用 All field paths 或 A single field path 创建通配符索引，在本例中使用 Category：

var builder = Builders<Flower>.IndexKeys;
var keys = builder.Wildcard();

var builder = Builders<Flower>.IndexKeys;
// Using the typed variant
var keys = builder.Wildcard(f => f.Category);
// Using string-based field names
var keys = builder.Wildcard("Category");

有关如何使用通配符索引的更多信息，请参阅通配符索引。

构建聚合管道

PipelineDefinitionBuilder 类提供用于定义聚合管道的类型安全接口。聚合管道是用于转换文档的一系列阶段。假设要创建管道来执行以下操作：

匹配 Season 字段中包含 "spring" 的所有文档
按 Category 字段对结果进行排序
按类别对文档进行分组，并显示该类别中所有文档的平均价格和可用总额

使用 PipelineDefinitionBuilder 类构建管道：

var sortBuilder = Builders<Flower>.Sort.Ascending(f => f.Category);
var matchFilter = Builders<Flower>.Filter.AnyEq(f => f.Season, "spring");
var pipeline = new EmptyPipelineDefinition<Flower>()
    .Match(matchFilter)
    .Sort(sortBuilder)
    .Group(f => f.Category,
           g => new
              {
                 name = g.Key,
                 avgPrice = g.Average(f => f.Price),
                 totalAvailable = g.Sum(f => f.Stock)
               }
          );

前面的示例创建了以下管道：

[{ "$match" : { "season" : "spring" } }, { "$sort" : { "category" : 1 } }, { "$group" : { "_id" : "$category", "avgPrice" : { "$avg" : "$price" }, "totalAvailable" : { "$sum" : "$stock" } } }]

您可以将在 PipelineDefinitionBuilder 接口中没有相应类型安全方法的阶段添加到管道中，方法是将查询作为 BsonDocument 提供给 AppendStage() 方法。。

var pipeline = new EmptyPipelineDefinition<BsonDocument>().AppendStage<BsonDocument, BsonDocument, BsonDocument>("{ $set: { field1: '$field2' } }");

注意

使用BsonDocument定义管道阶段时，驱动程序不会考虑任何BsonClassMap、序列化属性或序列化约定。BsonDocument中使用的字段名必须与服务器上存储的字段名一致。

有关以 BsonDocument 形式提供查询的更多信息，请参阅我们的常见问题解答页面。

要了解有关聚合管道的更多信息，请参阅聚合管道服务器手册页面。

将管道结果写入集合

您可以通过在聚合管道末尾创建一个 $out 阶段，将从聚合管道返回的文档写入集合。要创建 $out 阶段，请在 PipelineStageDefinitionBuilder 上调用 Out() 方法。Out() 方法需要要将文档写入的集合的名称。

下面的示例构建了一个聚合管道，该管道匹配 season 字段值为 "Spring" 的所有文档，并将它们输出到 springFlowers 集合：

var outputCollection = database.GetCollection("springFlowers");
var matchFilter = Builders<Flower>.Filter.AnyEq(f => f.Season, "spring");
// Creates an aggregation pipeline and outputs resulting documents to a new collection.
var pipeline = new EmptyPipelineDefinition<Flower>()
    .Match(matchFilter)
    .Out(outputCollection);

通过指定 TimeSeriesOption 对象并将其作为第二个参数传递给 Out() 方法，可以将聚合管道的结果写入时间序列集合。

假设 plants.flowers 集合中的文档包含保存 BSON 日期值的 datePlanted 字段。通过使用 datePlanted 字段作为时间字段，可以将此集合中的文档存储在时间序列集合中。

以下示例创建了一个 TimeSeriesOptions 对象并将 datePlanted 指定为 timeField。然后，它构建了一个聚合管道，该管道匹配所有 season 字段值为 "Spring" 的文档，并将它们输出到名为 springFlowerTimes 的时间序列集合。

var timeSeriesOptions = new TimeSeriesOptions("datePlanted");
var collectionName = "springFlowerTimes"
var matchFilter = Builders<Flower>.Filter.AnyEq(f => f.Season, "spring");
// Creates an aggregation pipeline and outputs resulting documents to a time series collection.
var pipeline = new EmptyPipelineDefinition<Flower>()
    .Match(matchFilter)
    .Out(collectionName, timeSeriesOptions);

要了解有关时间序列集合的更多信息，请参阅时间序列集合。

构建 Atlas Search 查询

Search 类提供用于创建 $search 管道阶段的类型安全接口。

要了解如何使用 Search 类来构造搜索查询，请参阅 Atlas Search。

执行 Atlas Vector Search

您可以使用构建器创建 $vectorSearch 聚合管道阶段，以对指定字段中的向量执行近似最近邻搜索。在对数据进行向量搜索之前，您的集合必须具有已定义的 Atlas Vector Search 索引。

提示

要获取以下示例中使用的示例数据集，请参阅快速入门。要创建以下示例中使用的示例 Atlas Vector Search 索引，请参阅 Atlas 手册中的创建 Atlas Vector Search 索引。

考虑 sample_mflix 数据库中的 embedded_movies 集合。您可以使用 $vectorSearch 阶段对集合中文档的 plot_embedding 字段执行语义搜索。

以下示例演示如何使用构建器生成聚合管道以执行以下操作：

使用字符串 "time travel" 的向量嵌入对 plot_embedding 字段的 Atlas Vector Search 索引执行向量搜索
从向量搜索找到的文档中获取 Title 和 Plot 字段

// Defines vector embeddings for the string "time travel"
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// Specifies that the vector search will consider the 150 nearest neighbors
// in the specified index
var options = new VectorSearchOptions<EmbeddedMovie>()
{
   IndexName = "vector_index",
   NumberOfCandidates = 150
};
// Builds aggregation pipeline and specifies that the $vectorSearch stage
// returns 10 results
var pipeline = new EmptyPipelineDefinition<EmbeddedMovie>()
   .VectorSearch(m => m.Embedding, vector, 10, options)
   .Project(Builders<EmbeddedMovie>.Projection
      .Include(m => m.Title)
      .Include(m => m.Plot));

上述示例的结果包含以下文档：

{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13a0f29313caabd04a4f"), "plot" : "A reporter, learning of time travelers visiting 20th century disasters, tries to change the history they know by averting upcoming disasters.", "title" : "Thrill Seekers" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13d8f29313caabda6557"), "plot" : "At the age of 21, Tim discovers he can travel in time and change what happens and has happened in his own life. His decision to make his world a better place by getting a girlfriend turns out not to be as easy as you might think.", "title" : "About Time" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13a5f29313caabd13b4b"), "plot" : "Hoping to alter the events of the past, a 19th century inventor instead travels 800,000 years into the future, where he finds humankind divided into two warring races.", "title" : "The Time Machine" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13aef29313caabd2e2d7"), "plot" : "After using his mother's newly built time machine, Dolf gets stuck involuntary in the year 1212. He ends up in a children's crusade where he confronts his new friends with modern techniques...", "title" : "Crusade in Jeans" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a1399f29313caabceec0e"), "plot" : "An officer for a security agency that regulates time travel, must fend for his life against a shady politician who has a tie to his past.", "title" : "Timecop" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a1399f29313caabcee36f"), "plot" : "A time-travel experiment in which a robot probe is sent from the year 2073 to the year 1973 goes terribly wrong thrusting one of the project scientists, a man named Nicholas Sinclair into a...", "title" : "A.P.E.X." }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13c6f29313caabd715d3"), "plot" : "Agent J travels in time to M.I.B.'s early days in 1969 to stop an alien from assassinating his friend Agent K and changing history.", "title" : "Men in Black 3" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13d4f29313caabd98c13"), "plot" : "Bound by a shared destiny, a teen bursting with scientific curiosity and a former boy-genius inventor embark on a mission to unearth the secrets of a place somewhere in time and space that exists in their collective memory.", "title" : "Tomorrowland" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13b6f29313caabd477fa"), "plot" : "With the help of his uncle, a man travels to the future to try and bring his girlfriend back to life.", "title" : "Love Story 2050" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13e5f29313caabdc40c9"), "plot" : "A dimension-traveling wizard gets stuck in the 21st century because cell-phone radiation interferes with his magic. With his home world on the brink of war, he seeks help from a jaded ...", "title" : "The Portal" }

要了解有关 Atlas Vector Search 的更多信息，请参阅 Atlas 手册中的 Atlas Vector Search 概述。