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Insert Operations

On this page

  • Overview
  • A Note About _id
  • Insert a Single Document
  • Insert Multiple Documents
  • Summary

Overview

In this guide, you can learn how to insert documents with the MongoDB Java driver.

You can use MongoDB to retrieve, update, and delete information. To perform any of those operations, that information, such as user profiles and orders, needs to exist in MongoDB. For that information to exist, first perform an insert operation.

An insert operation inserts a single or multiple documents into MongoDB using the insertOne(), insertMany(), and bulkWrite() methods.

The following sections focus on insertOne() and insertMany(). For information on how to use the bulkWrite() method, see our guide on Bulk Operations.

A Note About _id

When inserting a document, MongoDB enforces one constraint on your documents by default: each document must contain a unique _id field.

There are two ways to manage this field:

  • You can manage this field yourself, ensuring each value you use is unique.

  • You can let the driver automatically generate unique ObjectId values.

Unless you have provided strong guarantees for uniqueness, we recommend you let the driver automatically generate _id values.

Note

Duplicate _id values violate unique index constraints, resulting in a WriteError.

For additional information on unique indexes, see the manual entry on Unique Indexes.

Insert a Single Document

Use the insertOne() method when you want to insert a single document.

On successful insertion, the method returns an InsertOneResult instance representing the _id of the new document.

Example

The following example creates and inserts a document using the insertOne() method:

Document doc1 = new Document("color", "red").append("qty", 5);
InsertOneResult result = collection.insertOne(doc1);
System.out.println("Inserted a document with the following id: " 
    + result.getInsertedId().asObjectId().getValue());

The output of the preceding code resembles the following:

Inserted a document with the following id: 60930c39a982931c20ef6cd6

For more information about the methods and classes mentioned in this section, see the following resources:

Insert Multiple Documents

Use the insertMany() method when you want to insert multiple documents. This method inserts documents in the order specified until an exception occurs, if any.

For example, assume you want to insert the following documents:

{ "_id": 3, "color": "red", "qty": 5 }
{ "_id": 4, "color": "purple", "qty": 10 }
{ "_id": 3, "color": "yellow", "qty": 3 }
{ "_id": 6, "color": "blue", "qty": 8 }

If you attempt to insert these documents, a WriteError occurs at the third document and the documents prior to the error get inserted into your collection.

Tip

Use a try-catch block to get an acknowledgment for successfully processed documents before the error occurs:

List<Integer> insertedIds = new ArrayList<>();
// Inserts sample documents and prints their "_id" values
try {
    InsertManyResult result = collection.insertMany(documents);  
    result.getInsertedIds().values()
        .forEach(doc -> insertedIds.add(doc.asInt32().getValue()));
    System.out.println("Inserted documents with the following ids: " + insertedIds);
// Prints a message if any exceptions occur during the operation and the "_id" values of inserted documents
} catch(MongoBulkWriteException exception) {
    exception.getWriteResult().getInserts()
        .forEach(doc -> insertedIds.add(doc.getId().asInt32().getValue()));
    System.out.println("A MongoBulkWriteException occurred, but there are " + 
        "successfully processed documents with the following ids: " + insertedIds);
}

The output consists of documents MongoDB can process and should look something like this:

A MongoBulkWriteException occurred, but there are successfully processed
documents with the following ids: [3, 4, 6]

If you look inside your collection, you should see the following documents:

{ "_id": 3, "color": "red", "qty": 5 }
{ "_id": 4, "color": "purple", "qty": 10 }

On successful insertion, the method returns an InsertManyResult instance representing the _id of each new document.

Example

The following example creates and adds two documents to a List, and inserts the List using the insertMany() method:

List<Document> documents = new ArrayList<>();
Document doc1 = new Document("color", "red").append("qty", 5);
Document doc2 = new Document("color", "purple").append("qty", 10);
documents.add(doc1);
documents.add(doc2);
InsertManyResult result = collection.insertMany(documents);
// Retrieves and prints the ID values of each inserted document
List<ObjectId> insertedIds = new ArrayList<>();
result.getInsertedIds().values()
    .forEach(doc -> insertedIds.add(doc.asObjectId().getValue()));
System.out.println("Inserted documents with the following ids: " + insertedIds);

The output of the preceding code resembles the following:

Inserted documents with the following ids: [60930c3aa982931c20ef6cd7, 60930c3aa982931c20ef6cd8]

For more information about the methods and classes mentioned in this section, see the following resources:

Summary

There are three ways to perform an insert operation, but we focused on two:

  • The insertOne() method inserts a single document.

  • The insertMany() method inserts multiple documents.

Both methods automatically generate an _id if you omit the field in your document.

If the insertion is successful, both methods return an instance representing the _id of each new document.

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