执行批量操作
bulkWrite()
方法对单个集合执行批量写入操作。此方法减少了从应用程序到服务器的网络往返次数,从而提高了吞吐量和性能。仅当传递给方法的所有 操作都完成后,批量写入才会返回所有操作的结果集合。
您可以在 bulkWrite()
中指定以下一项或多项写入操作:
insertOne
updateOne
updateMany
deleteOne
deleteMany
replaceOne
bulkWrite()
方法接受以下参数:
operations
:指定要执行的批量写入操作。将每个操作作为数组中的对象传递给bulkWrite()
。有关显示每个写入操作的语法的示例,请参阅 批量写入 API 文档。。options
:影响执行操作的可选设置,例如写入操作是否应按顺序执行以及写关注。默认情况下,MongoDB 会按指定顺序逐个执行批量写入操作(连续执行)。有序批量写入期间,如果在处理某一操作期间出现错误,MongoDB 则会返回而不处理列表中的其余操作。相反,当
ordered
为false
时,MongoDB 将继续处理列表中的其余写入操作。无序操作在理论上速度更快,因为 MongoDB 可并行执行此类操作,但只应在写入操作不依赖顺序时使用。
如果创建带有唯一索引约束的索引,则在执行以下格式的操作时可能会遇到重复键写入错误:
Error during bulkWrite, BulkWriteError: E11000 duplicate key error collection: ...
同样,如果尝试对使用模式验证的集合执行批量写入,则可能会出现与已插入或已修改文档的格式设置相关的警告或错误。
例子
以下代码示例将对 sample_mflix
数据库中的 theaters
集合执行批量写入操作。对 bulkWrite()
的示例调用包括 insertOne
、updateMany
和 deleteOne
写入操作的示例:
注意
可以使用此示例连接到 MongoDB 实例,并与包含样本数据的数据库进行交互。如需了解有关连接到 MongoDB 实例和加载示例数据集的更多信息,请参阅 使用示例指南 。
1 // Bulk write operation 2 3 // Import MongoClient from the MongoDB node driver package 4 const { MongoClient } = require("mongodb"); 5 6 // Replace the uri string with your MongoDB deployment's connection string 7 const uri = "<connection string uri>"; 8 9 const client = new MongoClient(uri); 10 11 async function run() { 12 try { 13 const database = client.db("sample_mflix"); 14 const theaters = database.collection("theaters"); 15 16 // Insert a new document into the "theaters" collection 17 const result = await theaters.bulkWrite([ 18 { 19 insertOne: { 20 document: { 21 location: { 22 address: { 23 street1: "3 Main St.", 24 city: "Anchorage", 25 state: "AK", 26 zipcode: "99501", 27 }, 28 }, 29 }, 30 }, 31 }, 32 { 33 insertOne: { 34 document: { 35 location: { 36 address: { 37 street1: "75 Penn Plaza", 38 city: "New York", 39 state: "NY", 40 zipcode: "10001", 41 }, 42 }, 43 }, 44 }, 45 }, 46 { 47 // Update documents that match the specified filter 48 updateMany: { 49 filter: { "location.address.zipcode": "44011" }, 50 update: { $set: { is_in_ohio: true } }, 51 upsert: true, 52 }, 53 }, 54 { 55 // Delete a document that matches the specified filter 56 deleteOne: { filter: { "location.address.street1": "221b Baker St" } }, 57 }, 58 ]); 59 // Log the result of the bulk write operation 60 console.log(result); 61 } finally { 62 // Close the database connection when the operations are completed or if an error occurs 63 await client.close(); 64 } 65 } 66 run().catch(console.dir);
1 import { MongoClient } from "mongodb"; 2 3 // Replace the uri string with your MongoDB deployment's connection string. 4 const uri = "<connection string uri>"; 5 6 const client = new MongoClient(uri); 7 8 interface Address { 9 street1: string; 10 city: string; 11 state: string; 12 zipcode: string; 13 } 14 15 interface Theater { 16 location: { address: Address }; 17 is_in_ohio?: boolean; 18 } 19 20 async function run() { 21 try { 22 const database = client.db("sample_mflix"); 23 const theaters = database.collection<Theater>("theaters"); 24 25 const result = await theaters.bulkWrite([ 26 { 27 insertOne: { 28 document: { 29 location: { 30 address: { 31 street1: "3 Main St.", 32 city: "Anchorage", 33 state: "AK", 34 zipcode: "99501", 35 }, 36 }, 37 }, 38 }, 39 }, 40 { 41 insertOne: { 42 document: { 43 location: { 44 address: { 45 street1: "75 Penn Plaza", 46 city: "New York", 47 state: "NY", 48 zipcode: "10001", 49 }, 50 }, 51 }, 52 }, 53 }, 54 { 55 updateMany: { 56 // Important: You lose type safety when you use dot notation in queries 57 filter: { "location.address.zipcode": "44011" }, 58 update: { $set: { is_in_ohio: true } }, 59 upsert: true, 60 }, 61 }, 62 { 63 deleteOne: { 64 filter: { "location.address.street1": "221b Baker St" }, 65 }, 66 }, 67 ]); 68 69 console.log(result); 70 } finally { 71 await client.close(); 72 } 73 } 74 run().catch(console.dir);
运行上述示例将产生以下输出:
BulkWriteResult { insertedCount: 2, matchedCount: 1, modifiedCount: 1, deletedCount: 0, upsertedCount: 0, upsertedIds: {}, insertedIds: { '0': new ObjectId("..."), '1': new ObjectId("...") } }