将数据插入 MongoDB
Overview
在本指南中,您将向 MongoDB 插入数据。
所需时间:15 分钟
您需要的工具
步骤
连接到您的 MongoDB 实例。
创建一个类似于您集合中的文档的类。
以下类列出了文档将具有的所有字段名称和类型。
1 // class that maps to the fields of a document in the sample_guides.comets collection
2 class Comet {
3 public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
4 public string Name { get; set; }
5 public string OfficialName { get; set; }
6 public double OrbitalPeriod { get; set; }
7 public double Radius { get; set; }
8 public double Mass { get; set; }
9 }
将您的类自动映射到文档字段。
在C#中,将字段映射到类属性,按照惯例,类属性为大写。 但是,您应该使用混合使用大小写字段插入数据。 要使驾驶员自动将字段从大写转换为驼峰式大小写,请创建 ConventionPack
并注册CamelCase
的命名约定。
1 // instruct the driver to camelCase the fields in MongoDB 2 var pack = new ConventionPack { new CamelCaseElementNameConvention() }; 3 ConventionRegistry.Register("elementNameConvention", pack, x => true);
验证您的连接代码。
提示
下面概述了连接到 MongoDB 所需的最少代码。在接下来的几个步骤中,您将添加更多内容来插入数据。
在第 6 行,将 URI 字符串替换为您自己的 Atlas 连接字符串。
1 using MongoDB.Bson;
2 using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization.Conventions;
3 using MongoDB.Driver;
4
5 // Replace the uri string with your MongoDB deployment's connection string.
6 var uri = "mongodb+srv://<user>:<password>@<cluster-url>?retryWrites=true&writeConcern=majority";
7
8 // instruct the driver to camelCase the fields in MongoDB
9 var pack = new ConventionPack { new CamelCaseElementNameConvention() };
10 ConventionRegistry.Register("elementNameConvention", pack, x => true);
11
12 var client = new MongoClient(uri);
13
14 // database and colletion code goes here
15 // insert code goes here
16 // display the results of your operation
17
18 // class that maps to the fields of a document in the sample_guides.comets collection
19 class Comet {
20 public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
21 public string Name { get; set; }
22 public string OfficialName { get; set; }
23 public double OrbitalPeriod { get; set; }
24 public double Radius { get; set; }
25 public double Mass { get; set; }
26 }
提示
下面概述了连接到 MongoDB 所需的最少代码。在接下来的几个步骤中,您将添加更多内容来插入数据。
在第 13 行,将 URI string替换为您自己的Atlas连接string 。
1 import ( 2 "context" 3 "fmt" 4 "log" 5 "os" 6 7 "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson" 8 "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo" 9 "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options" 10 ) 11 12 func main() { 13 uri := "mongodb+srv://<user>:<password>@<cluster-url>?retryWrites=true&writeConcern=majority" 14 15 client, err := mongo.Connect(context.TODO(), options.Client().ApplyURI(uri)) 16 if err != nil { 17 panic(err) 18 } 19 defer func() { 20 if err = client.Disconnect(context.TODO()); err != nil { 21 panic(err) 22 } 23 }() 24 25 // database and colletion code goes here 26 // insert code goes here 27 // display the results of your operation 28 }
提示
下面概述了连接到 MongoDB 所需的最少代码。在接下来的几个步骤中,您将添加更多内容来插入数据。
在第 15 行,将 URI string替换为您自己的Atlas连接string 。
1 import com.mongodb.client.MongoClient; 2 import com.mongodb.client.MongoClients; 3 import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection; 4 import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase; 5 import com.mongodb.client.result.InsertManyResult; 6 7 import org.bson.Document; 8 import org.bson.types.ObjectId; 9 10 import java.util.List; 11 import java.util.ArrayList; 12 13 public class CrudInsert { 14 public static void main(String[] args) { 15 String uri = "mongodb+srv://<user>:<password>@<cluster-url>?retryWrites=true&writeConcern=majority"; 16 17 try (MongoClient mongoClient = MongoClients.create(uri)) { 18 // database and collection code goes here 19 // insert code goes here 20 // display the results of your operation 21 } 22 } 23 }
提示
下面概述了连接到 MongoDB 所需的最少代码。在接下来的几个步骤中,您将添加更多内容来插入数据。
在第 4 行,将 URI 字符串替换为您自己的 Atlas 连接字符串。
1 const { MongoClient } = require("mongodb"); 2 // Replace the uri string with your MongoDB deployment's connection string. 3 const uri = 4 "mongodb+srv://<user>:<password>@<cluster-url>?retryWrites=true&writeConcern=majority"; 5 const client = new MongoClient(uri); 6 async function run() { 7 try { 8 await client.connect(); 9 // database and collection code goes here 10 // insert code goes here 11 // display the results of your operation 12 } finally { 13 // Ensures that the client will close when you finish/error 14 await client.close(); 15 } 16 } 17 run().catch(console.dir);
提示
下面概述了连接到 MongoDB 所需的最少代码。在接下来的几个步骤中,您将添加更多内容来插入数据。
在第 4 行,将 URI 字符串替换为您自己的 Atlas 连接字符串。
1 from pymongo import MongoClient 2 3 # Replace the uri string with your MongoDB deployment's connection string. 4 uri = "mongodb+srv://<user>:<password>@<cluster-url>?retryWrites=true&writeConcern=majority" 5 6 client = MongoClient(uri) 7 8 # database and collection code goes here 9 # insert code goes here 10 # display the results of your operation 11 12 # Close the connection to MongoDB when you're done. 13 client.close()
提示
mongodb+srv
确保您已安装带 srv
选项的 PyMongo。
python3 -m pip install "pymongo[srv]"
获取数据库和集合。
切换到要使用的数据库和集合。在本例中,您将使用 sample_guides
数据库和 comets
集合。
// database and collection code goes here
var db = client.GetDatabase("sample_guides");
var coll = db.GetCollection<Comet>("comets");
1 // database and colletion code goes here 2 db := client.Database("sample_guides") 3 coll := db.Collection("comets")
1 // database and collection code goes here 2 MongoDatabase db = mongoClient.getDatabase("sample_guides"); 3 MongoCollection<Document> coll = db.getCollection("comets");
// database and collection code goes here const db = client.db("sample_guides"); const coll = db.collection("comets");
# database and collection code goes here db = client.sample_guides coll = db.comets
将文档插入comets
集合。
为 comets
集合创建并插入三个新文档。每个文档都包含有关该彗星的以下信息:
名称
官方名称
以年为单位的轨道周期
半径(以英里为单位)
质量(千克)
// insert code goes here
var comets = new [] {
new Comet {
Name = "Halley's Comet",
OfficialName = "1P/Halley",
OrbitalPeriod = 75,
Radius = 3.4175,
Mass = 2.2e14
},
new Comet {
Name = "Wild2",
OfficialName = "81P/Wild",
OrbitalPeriod = 6.41,
Radius = 1.5534,
Mass = 2.3e13
},
new Comet {
Name = "Comet Hyakutake",
OfficialName = "C/1996 B2",
OrbitalPeriod = 17000,
Radius = 0.77671,
Mass = 8.8e12
}
};
coll.InsertMany(comets);
1 // insert code goes here 2 docs := []interface{}{ 3 bson.D{{"name", "Halley's Comet"}, {"officialName", "1P/Halley"}, {"orbitalPeriod", 75}, {"radius", 3.4175}, {"mass", 2.2e14}}, 4 bson.D{{"name", "Wild2"}, {"officialName", "81P/Wild"}, {"orbitalPeriod", 6.41}, {"radius", 1.5534}, {"mass", 2.3e13}}, 5 bson.D{{"name", "Comet Hyakutake"}, {"officialName", "C/1996 B2"}, {"orbitalPeriod", 17000}, {"radius", 0.77671}, {"mass", 8.8e12}}, 6 } 7 8 result, err := coll.InsertMany(context.TODO(), docs) 9 if err != nil { 10 panic(err) 11 }
1 // insert code goes here 2 List<Document> documents = new ArrayList<>(); 3 4 Document doc1 = new Document("name", "Halley's Comet").append("officialName", "1P/Halley").append("orbitalPeriod", 75).append("radius", 3.4175).append("mass", 2.2e14); 5 Document doc2 = new Document("name", "Wild2").append("officialName", "81P/Wild").append("orbitalPeriod", 6.41).append("radius", 1.5534).append("mass", 2.3e13); 6 Document doc3 = new Document("name", "Comet Hyakutake").append("officialName", "C/1996 B2").append("orbitalPeriod", 17000).append("radius", 0.77671).append("mass", 8.8e12); 7 8 documents.add(doc1); 9 documents.add(doc2); 10 documents.add(doc3); 11 12 InsertManyResult result = coll.insertMany(documents);
// insert code goes here const docs = [ {name: "Halley's Comet", officialName: "1P/Halley", orbitalPeriod: 75, radius: 3.4175, mass: 2.2e14}, {name: "Wild2", officialName: "81P/Wild", orbitalPeriod: 6.41, radius: 1.5534, mass: 2.3e13}, {name: "Comet Hyakutake", officialName: "C/1996 B2", orbitalPeriod: 17000, radius: 0.77671, mass: 8.8e12} ]; const result = await coll.insertMany(docs);
# insert code goes here docs = [ {"name": "Halley's Comet", "officialName": "1P/Halley", "orbitalPeriod": 75, "radius": 3.4175, "mass": 2.2e14}, {"name": "Wild2", "officialName": "81P/Wild", "orbitalPeriod": 6.41, "radius": 1.5534, "mass": 2.3e13}, {"name": "Comet Hyakutake", "officialName": "C/1996 B2", "orbitalPeriod": 17000, "radius": 0.77671, "mass": 8.8e12}, ] result = coll.insert_many(docs)
提示
如果省略 _id
字段,驱动程序会自动为 _id
字段生成唯一的 ObjectId
值。
显示您的结果。
MongoDB 中的许多写入操作都会返回一个包含操作信息的结果对象。
对于插入操作,C# 驱动程序会自动创建所插入文档的 _id
。在这里,您将从原始数组访问此属性并将其输出。
// display the results of your operation
foreach (var comet in comets) {
Console.WriteLine(comet.Id);
}
对于插入操作,结果对象将包含驱动程序成功插入的文档的 _id
。在这里,您将访问此属性并将其打印出来。
1 // display the results of your operation 2 for _, id := range result.InsertedIDs { 3 fmt.Printf("\t%s\n", id) 4 }
对于插入操作,结果对象将包含驱动程序成功插入的文档的 _id
。在这里,您将访问此属性并将其打印出来。
1 // display the results of your operation 2 result.getInsertedIds().values().forEach(doc -> System.out.println(doc.asObjectId().getValue()));
对于插入操作,结果对象将包含驱动程序成功插入的文档的 _id
。在这里,您将访问此属性并将其打印出来。
// display the results of your operation console.log(result.insertedIds);
对于插入操作,结果对象将包含驱动程序成功插入的文档的 _id
。在这里,您将访问此属性并将其打印出来。
# display the results of your operation print(result.inserted_ids)
检查你的结果。
以下是完整的代码,然后是样本输出。
注意
您的 ObjectId
值将与显示的值不同。
1 using MongoDB.Bson;
2 using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization.Conventions;
3 using MongoDB.Driver;
4
5 // Replace the uri string with your MongoDB deployment's connection string.
6 var uri = "mongodb+srv://<user>:<password>@<cluster-url>?retryWrites=true&writeConcern=majority";
7
8 // instruct the driver to camelCase the fields in MongoDB
9 var pack = new ConventionPack { new CamelCaseElementNameConvention() };
10 ConventionRegistry.Register("elementNameConvention", pack, x => true);
11
12 var client = new MongoClient(uri);
13
14 // database and colletion code goes here
15 var db = client.GetDatabase("sample_guides");
16 var coll = db.GetCollection<Comet>("comets");
17
18 // insert code goes here
19 var comets = new [] {
20 new Comet {
21 Name = "Halley's Comet",
22 OfficialName = "1P/Halley",
23 OrbitalPeriod = 75,
24 Radius = 3.4175,
25 Mass = 2.2e14
26 },
27 new Comet {
28 Name = "Wild2",
29 OfficialName = "81P/Wild",
30 OrbitalPeriod = 6.41,
31 Radius = 1.5534,
32 Mass = 2.3e13
33 },
34 new Comet {
35 Name = "Comet Hyakutake",
36 OfficialName = "C/1996 B2",
37 OrbitalPeriod = 17000,
38 Radius = 0.77671,
39 Mass = 8.8e12
40 }
41 };
42
43 coll.InsertMany(comets);
44
45 // display the results of your operation
46 foreach (var comet in comets) {
47 Console.WriteLine(comet.Id);
48 }
49
50 // class that maps to the fields of a document in the sample_guides.comets collection
51 class Comet {
52 public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
53 public string Name { get; set; }
54 public string OfficialName { get; set; }
55 public double OrbitalPeriod { get; set; }
56 public double Radius { get; set; }
57 public double Mass { get; set; }
58 }
625604fbd301606fd9998b14 625604fbd301606fd9998b15 625604fbd301606fd9998b16
1 import ( 2 "context" 3 "fmt" 4 "log" 5 "os" 6 7 "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson" 8 "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo" 9 "go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options" 10 ) 11 12 func main() { 13 uri := "mongodb+srv://<user>:<password>@<cluster-url>?retryWrites=true&writeConcern=majority" 14 15 client, err := mongo.Connect(context.TODO(), options.Client().ApplyURI(uri)) 16 if err != nil { 17 panic(err) 18 } 19 defer func() { 20 if err = client.Disconnect(context.TODO()); err != nil { 21 panic(err) 22 } 23 }() 24 25 // database and colletion code goes here 26 db := client.Database("sample_guides") 27 coll := db.Collection("comets") 28 29 // insert code goes here 30 docs := []interface{}{ 31 bson.D{{"name", "Halley's Comet"}, {"officialName", "1P/Halley"}, {"orbitalPeriod", 75}, {"radius", 3.4175}, {"mass", 2.2e14}}, 32 bson.D{{"name", "Wild2"}, {"officialName", "81P/Wild"}, {"orbitalPeriod", 6.41}, {"radius", 1.5534}, {"mass", 2.3e13}}, 33 bson.D{{"name", "Comet Hyakutake"}, {"officialName", "C/1996 B2"}, {"orbitalPeriod", 17000}, {"radius", 0.77671}, {"mass", 8.8e12}}, 34 } 35 36 result, err := coll.InsertMany(context.TODO(), docs) 37 if err != nil { 38 panic(err) 39 } 40 41 // display the results of your operation 42 for _, id := range result.InsertedIDs { 43 fmt.Printf("\t%s\n", id) 44 } 45 }
ObjectID("624cf31b350635c487d55215") ObjectID("624cf31b350635c487d55216") ObjectID("624cf31b350635c487d55217")
1 import com.mongodb.client.MongoClient; 2 import com.mongodb.client.MongoClients; 3 import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection; 4 import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase; 5 import com.mongodb.client.result.InsertManyResult; 6 7 import org.bson.Document; 8 9 import java.util.List; 10 import java.util.ArrayList; 11 12 public class CrudInsert { 13 public static void main(String[] args) { 14 String uri = "mongodb+srv://<user>:<password>@<cluster-url>?retryWrites=true&writeConcern=majority"; 15 16 try (MongoClient mongoClient = MongoClients.create(uri)) { 17 // database and collection code goes here 18 MongoDatabase db = mongoClient.getDatabase("sample_guides"); 19 MongoCollection<Document> coll = db.getCollection("comets"); 20 21 // insert code goes here 22 List<Document> documents = new ArrayList<>(); 23 24 Document doc1 = new Document("name", "Halley's Comet").append("officialName", "1P/Halley").append("orbitalPeriod", 75).append("radius", 3.4175).append("mass", 2.2e14); 25 Document doc2 = new Document("name", "Wild2").append("officialName", "81P/Wild").append("orbitalPeriod", 6.41).append("radius", 1.5534).append("mass", 2.3e13); 26 Document doc3 = new Document("name", "Comet Hyakutake").append("officialName", "C/1996 B2").append("orbitalPeriod", 17000).append("radius", 0.77671).append("mass", 8.8e12); 27 28 documents.add(doc1); 29 documents.add(doc2); 30 documents.add(doc3); 31 32 InsertManyResult result = coll.insertMany(documents); 33 34 // display the results of your operation 35 result.getInsertedIds().values().forEach(doc -> System.out.println(doc.asObjectId().getValue())); 36 } 37 } 38 }
625716fc5749232edfb4b2d7 625716fc5749232edfb4b2d8 625716fc5749232edfb4b2d9
1 const { MongoClient } = require("mongodb"); 2 // Replace the uri string with your MongoDB deployment's connection string. 3 const uri = 4 "mongodb+srv://<user>:<password>@<cluster-url>?retryWrites=true&writeConcern=majority"; 5 6 const client = new MongoClient(uri); 7 8 async function run() { 9 try { 10 await client.connect(); 11 // database and collection code goes here 12 const db = client.db("sample_guides"); 13 const coll = db.collection("comets"); 14 15 // insert code goes here 16 const docs = [ 17 {name: "Halley's Comet", officialName: "1P/Halley", orbitalPeriod: 75, radius: 3.4175, mass: 2.2e14}, 18 {name: "Wild2", officialName: "81P/Wild", orbitalPeriod: 6.41, radius: 1.5534, mass: 2.3e13}, 19 {name: "Comet Hyakutake", officialName: "C/1996 B2", orbitalPeriod: 17000, radius: 0.77671, mass: 8.8e12} 20 ]; 21 22 const result = await coll.insertMany(docs); 23 24 // display the results of your operation 25 console.log(result.insertedIds); 26 27 } finally { 28 // Ensures that the client will close when you finish/error 29 await client.close(); 30 } 31 } 32 run().catch(console.dir);
{ '0': 624d06994e68f44afe8c0da6, '1': 624d06994e68f44afe8c0da7, '2': 624d06994e68f44afe8c0da8 }
1 from pymongo import MongoClient 2 3 # Replace the uri string with your MongoDB deployment's connection string. 4 uri = "mongodb+srv://<user>:<password>@<cluster-url>?retryWrites=true&writeConcern=majority" 5 6 client = MongoClient(uri) 7 8 # database and collection code goes here 9 db = client.sample_guides 10 coll = db.comets 11 12 coll.drop() 13 14 # insert code goes here 15 docs = [ 16 {"name": "Halley's Comet", "officialName": "1P/Halley", "orbitalPeriod": 75, "radius": 3.4175, "mass": 2.2e14}, 17 {"name": "Wild2", "officialName": "81P/Wild", "orbitalPeriod": 6.41, "radius": 1.5534, "mass": 2.3e13}, 18 {"name": "Comet Hyakutake", "officialName": "C/1996 B2", "orbitalPeriod": 17000, "radius": 0.77671, "mass": 8.8e12}, 19 ] 20 21 result = coll.insert_many(docs) 22 23 # display the results of your operation 24 print(result.inserted_ids) 25 26 # Close the connection to MongoDB when you're done. 27 client.close()
[ObjectId('624d078756f4582197aad408'), ObjectId('624d078756f4582197aad409'), ObjectId('624d078756f4582197aad40a')]
总结
如已完成本指南,那么您已将数据插入到 MongoDB 中。
在下一篇指南中,您将了解如何更新文档中的字段。
另请参阅
如需深入了解此处介绍的概念,请参阅以下资源: