使用视图连接两个集合
您可以使用 $lookup
为这两个集合创建一个视图,然后对该视图运行查询。应用程序可以查询视图,无需构建或维护复杂的管道。
例子
创建两个样本集合 inventory
和 orders
:
db.inventory.insertMany( [ { prodId: 100, price: 20, quantity: 125 }, { prodId: 101, price: 10, quantity: 234 }, { prodId: 102, price: 15, quantity: 432 }, { prodId: 103, price: 17, quantity: 320 } ] ) db.orders.insertMany( [ { orderId: 201, custid: 301, prodId: 100, numPurchased: 20 }, { orderId: 202, custid: 302, prodId: 101, numPurchased: 10 }, { orderId: 203, custid: 303, prodId: 102, numPurchased: 5 }, { orderId: 204, custid: 303, prodId: 103, numPurchased: 15 }, { orderId: 205, custid: 303, prodId: 103, numPurchased: 20 }, { orderId: 206, custid: 302, prodId: 102, numPurchased: 1 }, { orderId: 207, custid: 302, prodId: 101, numPurchased: 5 }, { orderId: 208, custid: 301, prodId: 100, numPurchased: 10 }, { orderId: 209, custid: 303, prodId: 103, numPurchased: 30 } ] )
创建连接视图
此命令使用 db.createView()
基于 orders
集合创建名为 sales
的新视图:
db.createView( "sales", "orders", [ { $lookup: { from: "inventory", localField: "prodId", foreignField: "prodId", as: "inventoryDocs" } }, { $project: { _id: 0, prodId: 1, orderId: 1, numPurchased: 1, price: "$inventoryDocs.price" } }, { $unwind: "$price" } ] )
在示例中:
$lookup
阶段使用orders
集合中的prodId
字段来“连接”inventory
集合中具有匹配prodId
字段的文档。匹配的文档将作为数组添加到
inventoryDocs
字段中。$project
阶段选择可用字段的子集。$unwind
阶段会将price
字段从数组转换为标量值。
sales
视图中的文档包括:
{ orderId: 201, prodId: 100, numPurchased: 20, price: 20 }, { orderId: 202, prodId: 101, numPurchased: 10, price: 10 }, { orderId: 203, prodId: 102, numPurchased: 5, price: 15 }, { orderId: 204, prodId: 103, numPurchased: 15, price: 17 }, { orderId: 205, prodId: 103, numPurchased: 20, price: 17 }, { orderId: 206, prodId: 102, numPurchased: 1, price: 15 }, { orderId: 207, prodId: 101, numPurchased: 5, price: 10 }, { orderId: 208, prodId: 100, numPurchased: 10, price: 20 }, { orderId: 209, prodId: 103, numPurchased: 30, price: 17 }
查询视图
要查找每种产品的总销售量,请查询视图:
db.sales.aggregate( [ { $group: { _id: "$prodId", amountSold: { $sum: { $multiply: [ "$price", "$numPurchased" ] } } } } ] )
输出见下:
[ { _id: 102, amountSold: 90 }, { _id: 101, amountSold: 150 }, { _id: 103, amountSold: 1105 }, { _id: 100, amountSold: 600 } ]