$regexFindAll(聚合)
定义
语法
$regexFindAll
操作符的语法如下:
{ $regexFindAll: { input: <expression> , regex: <expression>, options: <expression> } }
字段 | 说明 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
可选。以下 不能同时在
|
返回:
该操作符返回一个数组:
行为
PCRE 库
从版本 6.1 开始,MongoDB 使用 PCRE2(Perl 兼容正则表达式)库来实现正则表达式模式匹配。有关 PCRE2 的更多信息,请参阅 PCRE 文档。。
$regexFindAll
和排序规则
$regexFindAll
忽略为集合 db.collection.aggregate()
和索引(如使用)指定的排序规则。
例如,创建一个排序规则强度为 1
的样本集合(即仅比较基本字符,忽略其他差异,例如大小写和变音符号):
db.createCollection( "myColl", { collation: { locale: "fr", strength: 1 } } )
插入以下文档:
db.myColl.insertMany([ { _id: 1, category: "café" }, { _id: 2, category: "cafe" }, { _id: 3, category: "cafE" } ])
使用集合的排序规则,以下操作执行不区分大小写和不区分变音符号的匹配:
db.myColl.aggregate( [ { $match: { category: "cafe" } } ] )
该操作将返回以下 3 个文档:
{ "_id" : 1, "category" : "café" } { "_id" : 2, "category" : "cafe" } { "_id" : 3, "category" : "cafE" }
但是,聚合表达式 $regexFind
忽略排序规则;换言之,以下正则表达式模式匹配示例区分大小写和变音符号:
db.myColl.aggregate( [ { $addFields: { results: { $regexFindAll: { input: "$category", regex: /cafe/ } } } } ] ) db.myColl.aggregate( [ { $addFields: { results: { $regexFindAll: { input: "$category", regex: /cafe/ } } } } ], { collation: { locale: "fr", strength: 1 } } // Ignored in the $regexFindAll )
这两个操作都返回以下内容:
{ "_id" : 1, "category" : "café", "results" : [ ] } { "_id" : 2, "category" : "cafe", "results" : [ { "match" : "cafe", "idx" : 0, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 3, "category" : "cafE", "results" : [ ] }
captures
输出行为
如果您的正则表达式模式包含捕获群组,并且该模式在输入中找到匹配项,则结果中的 captures
大量对应于匹配string捕获的群组。 捕获组在正则表达式模式中使用未转义的括号()
指定。 captures
大量的长度等于模式中捕获组的数量,并且大量的顺序与捕获组出现的顺序匹配。
创建一个包含以下文档的样本集合 contacts
:
db.contacts.insertMany([ { "_id": 1, "fname": "Carol", "lname": "Smith", "phone": "718-555-0113" }, { "_id": 2, "fname": "Daryl", "lname": "Doe", "phone": "212-555-8832" }, { "_id": 3, "fname": "Polly", "lname": "Andrews", "phone": "208-555-1932" }, { "_id": 4, "fname": "Colleen", "lname": "Duncan", "phone": "775-555-0187" }, { "_id": 5, "fname": "Luna", "lname": "Clarke", "phone": "917-555-4414" } ])
以下管道将正则表达式模式 /(C(ar)*)ol/
应用于 fname
字段:
db.contacts.aggregate([ { $project: { returnObject: { $regexFindAll: { input: "$fname", regex: /(C(ar)*)ol/ } } } } ])
正则表达式模式找到与 fname
值为 Carol
和 Colleen
匹配的项:
{ "_id" : 1, "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "Carol", "idx" : 0, "captures" : [ "Car", "ar" ] } ] } { "_id" : 2, "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 3, "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 4, "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "Col", "idx" : 0, "captures" : [ "C", null ] } ] } { "_id" : 5, "returnObject" : [ ] }
该模式包含捕获群组 (C(ar)*)
,而捕获群组包含嵌套群组 (ar)
。captures
数组中的元素与两个捕获群组对应。如果匹配的文档未被群组(如 Colleen
和群组 (ar)
)捕获,$regexFindAll
会用空占位符代替该群组。
如上个示例所示,captures
数组为每个捕获组包含一个元素(对非捕获使用 null
)。以下示例通过将捕获组的逻辑 or
应用到 phone
字段来搜索具有纽约市区号的电话号码。每组代表纽约市的一个区号:
db.contacts.aggregate([ { $project: { nycContacts: { $regexFindAll: { input: "$phone", regex: /^(718).*|^(212).*|^(917).*/ } } } } ])
对于通过正则表达式模式匹配的文档, captures
大量包含匹配的捕获群组,并用null
替换任何非捕获组:
{ "_id" : 1, "nycContacts" : [ { "match" : "718-555-0113", "idx" : 0, "captures" : [ "718", null, null ] } ] } { "_id" : 2, "nycContacts" : [ { "match" : "212-555-8832", "idx" : 0, "captures" : [ null, "212", null ] } ] } { "_id" : 3, "nycContacts" : [ ] } { "_id" : 4, "nycContacts" : [ ] } { "_id" : 5, "nycContacts" : [ { "match" : "917-555-4414", "idx" : 0, "captures" : [ null, null, "917" ] } ] }
示例
$regexFindAll
及其选项
为了说明该示例中讨论的 $regexFindAll
操作符的行为,使用以下文档创建示例集合 products
:
db.products.insertMany([ { _id: 1, description: "Single LINE description." }, { _id: 2, description: "First lines\nsecond line" }, { _id: 3, description: "Many spaces before line" }, { _id: 4, description: "Multiple\nline descriptions" }, { _id: 5, description: "anchors, links and hyperlinks" }, { _id: 6, description: "métier work vocation" } ])
默认情况下,$regexFindAll
执行区分大小写的匹配。例如,以下聚合在 description
字段上执行区分大小写的 $regexFindAll
。正则表达式模式 /line/
不指定任何分组:
db.products.aggregate([ { $addFields: { returnObject: { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: /line/ } } } } ])
该操作返回以下内容:
{ "_id" : 1, "description" : "Single LINE description.", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 2, "description" : "First lines\nsecond line", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "line", "idx" : 6, "captures" : [ ]}, { "match" : "line", "idx" : 19, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 3, "description" : "Many spaces before line", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "line", "idx" : 23, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 4, "description" : "Multiple\nline descriptions", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "line", "idx" : 9, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 5, "description" : "anchors, links and hyperlinks", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 6, "description" : "métier work vocation", "returnObject" : [ ] }
以下正则表达式模式 /lin(e|k)/
在模式中指定分组 (e|k)
:
db.products.aggregate([ { $addFields: { returnObject: { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: /lin(e|k)/ } } } } ])
该操作返回以下内容:
{ "_id" : 1, "description" : "Single LINE description.", "returnObject": [ ] } { "_id" : 2, "description" : "First lines\nsecond line", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "line", "idx" : 6, "captures" : [ "e" ] }, { "match" : "line", "idx" : 19, "captures" : [ "e" ] } ] } { "_id" : 3, "description" : "Many spaces before line", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "line", "idx" : 23, "captures" : [ "e" ] } ] } { "_id" : 4, "description" : "Multiple\nline descriptions", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "line", "idx" : 9, "captures" : [ "e" ] } ] } { "_id" : 5, "description" : "anchors, links and hyperlinks", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "link", "idx" : 9, "captures" : [ "k" ] }, { "match" : "link", "idx" : 24, "captures" : [ "k" ] } ] } { "_id" : 6, "description" : "métier work vocation", "returnObject" : [ ] }
在返回选项中,idx
字段是 代码点 索引,而不是字节索引。为了进行说明,请考虑以下使用 regex 模式 /tier/
的示例:
db.products.aggregate([ { $addFields: { returnObject: { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: /tier/ } } } } ])
该操作会返回以下内容,其中只有最后一条记录与模式匹配,并且返回的 idx
为 2
(如果使用字节索引,则返回 3)
{ "_id" : 1, "description" : "Single LINE description.", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 2, "description" : "First lines\nsecond line", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 3, "description" : "Many spaces before line", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 4, "description" : "Multiple\nline descriptions", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 5, "description" : "anchors, links and hyperlinks", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 6, "description" : "métier work vocation", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "tier", "idx" : 2, "captures" : [ ] } ] }
i
选项
注意
不能同时在 regex
和 options
字段中指定选项。
要执行不区分大小写的模式匹配,将 i 选项作为正则表达式字段的一部分或纳入选项字段:
// Specify i as part of the regex field { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: /line/i } } // Specify i in the options field { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: /line/, options: "i" } } { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: "line", options: "i" } }
例如,以下聚合在 description
字段上执行不区分大小写的 $regexFindAll
。正则表达式模式 /line/
不指定任何分组:
db.products.aggregate([ { $addFields: { returnObject: { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: /line/i } } } } ])
该操作将返回以下文档:
{ "_id" : 1, "description" : "Single LINE description.", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "LINE", "idx" : 7, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 2, "description" : "First lines\nsecond line", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "line", "idx" : 6, "captures" : [ ] }, { "match" : "line", "idx" : 19, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 3, "description" : "Many spaces before line", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "line", "idx" : 23, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 4, "description" : "Multiple\nline descriptions", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "line", "idx" : 9, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 5, "description" : "anchors, links and hyperlinks", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 6, "description" : "métier work vocation", "returnObject" : [ ] }
m
选项
注意
不能同时在 regex
和 options
字段中指定选项。
要匹配多行字符串中每一行的指定锚点(如 ^
、$
),请在 regex 字段或选项字段中包含 m 选项:
// Specify m as part of the regex field { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: /line/m } } // Specify m in the options field { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: /line/, options: "m" } } { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: "line", options: "m" } }
以下示例同时包含 i
和 m
选项,用于为多行字符串匹配以字母 s
或 S
开头的行:
db.products.aggregate([ { $addFields: { returnObject: { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: /^s/im } } } } ])
该操作返回以下内容:
{ "_id" : 1, "description" : "Single LINE description.", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "S", "idx" : 0, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 2, "description" : "First lines\nsecond line", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "s", "idx" : 12, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 3, "description" : "Many spaces before line", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 4, "description" : "Multiple\nline descriptions", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 5, "description" : "anchors, links and hyperlinks", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 6, "description" : "métier work vocation", "returnObject" : [ ] }
x
选项
注意
不能同时在 regex
和 options
字段中指定选项。
要忽略模式中所有未转义的空格字符和注释(由未转义的哈希 #
字符和下一个换行符表示),请在选项字段中包含 s 选项:
// Specify x in the options field { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: /line/, options: "x" } } { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: "line", options: "x" } }
以下示例纳入 x
选项来跳过非转义空格和注释:
db.products.aggregate([ { $addFields: { returnObject: { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: /lin(e|k) # matches line or link/, options:"x" } } } } ])
该操作返回以下内容:
{ "_id" : 1, "description" : "Single LINE description.", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 2, "description" : "First lines\nsecond line", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "line", "idx" : 6, "captures" : [ "e" ] }, { "match" : "line", "idx" : 19, "captures" : [ "e" ] } ] } { "_id" : 3, "description" : "Many spaces before line", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "line", "idx" : 23, "captures" : [ "e" ] } ] } { "_id" : 4, "description" : "Multiple\nline descriptions", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "line", "idx" : 9, "captures" : [ "e" ] } ] } { "_id" : 5, "description" : "anchors, links and hyperlinks", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "link", "idx" : 9, "captures" : [ "k" ] }, { "match" : "link", "idx" : 24, "captures" : [ "k" ] } ] } { "_id" : 6, "description" : "métier work vocation", "returnObject" : [ ] }
s
选项
注意
不能同时在 regex
和 options
字段中指定选项。
要支持模式中的点字符(即 .
)匹配包括换行符在内的所有字符,请在选项字段中加入 s 选项:
// Specify s in the options field { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: /m.*line/, options: "s" } } { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex: "m.*line", options: "s" } }
下面的示例包含 s
选项,允许使用点字符(即“.”)来匹配包括新行在内的所有字符,以及使用 i
选项来执行不区分大小写的匹配:
db.products.aggregate([ { $addFields: { returnObject: { $regexFindAll: { input: "$description", regex:/m.*line/, options: "si" } } } } ])
该操作返回以下内容:
{ "_id" : 1, "description" : "Single LINE description.", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 2, "description" : "First lines\nsecond line", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 3, "description" : "Many spaces before line", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "Many spaces before line", "idx" : 0, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 4, "description" : "Multiple\nline descriptions", "returnObject" : [ { "match" : "Multiple\nline", "idx" : 0, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 5, "description" : "anchors, links and hyperlinks", "returnObject" : [ ] } { "_id" : 6, "description" : "métier work vocation", "returnObject" : [ ] }
使用$regexFindAll
从字符串中解析电子邮件
使用以下文档创建样本collectionfeedback
:
db.feedback.insertMany([ { "_id" : 1, comment: "Hi, I'm just reading about MongoDB -- aunt.arc.tica@example.com" }, { "_id" : 2, comment: "I wanted to concatenate a string" }, { "_id" : 3, comment: "How do I convert a date to string? Contact me at either cam@mongodb.com or c.dia@mongodb.com" }, { "_id" : 4, comment: "It's just me. I'm testing. fred@MongoDB.com" } ])
以下聚合使用$regexFindAll
从comment
字段中提取所有电子邮件(不区分大小写)。
db.feedback.aggregate( [ { $addFields: { "email": { $regexFindAll: { input: "$comment", regex: /[a-z0-9_.+-]+@[a-z0-9_.+-]+\.[a-z0-9_.+-]+/i } } } }, { $set: { email: "$email.match"} } ] )
- 第一个阶段:
该阶段使用
$addFields
阶段向文档添加新字段email
。 新字段是一个大量,其中包含对comment
字段执行$regexFindAll
的结果:{ "_id" : 1, "comment" : "Hi, I'm just reading about MongoDB -- aunt.arc.tica@example.com", "email" : [ { "match" : "aunt.arc.tica@example.com", "idx" : 38, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 2, "comment" : "I wanted to concatenate a string", "email" : [ ] } { "_id" : 3, "comment" : "How do I convert a date to string? Contact me at either cam@mongodb.com or c.dia@mongodb.com", "email" : [ { "match" : "cam@mongodb.com", "idx" : 56, "captures" : [ ] }, { "match" : "c.dia@mongodb.com", "idx" : 75, "captures" : [ ] } ] } { "_id" : 4, "comment" : "It's just me. I'm testing. fred@MongoDB.com", "email" : [ { "match" : "fred@MongoDB.com", "idx" : 28, "captures" : [ ] } ] } - 第二阶段
此阶段使用
$set
阶段将email
数组元素重置为"email.match"
值。如果email
的当前值为 null,则会将email
的新值设为 null。{ "_id" : 1, "comment" : "Hi, I'm just reading about MongoDB -- aunt.arc.tica@example.com", "email" : [ "aunt.arc.tica@example.com" ] } { "_id" : 2, "comment" : "I wanted to concatenate a string", "email" : [ ] } { "_id" : 3, "comment" : "How do I convert a date to string? Contact me at either cam@mongodb.com or c.dia@mongodb.com", "email" : [ "cam@mongodb.com", "c.dia@mongodb.com" ] } { "_id" : 4, "comment" : "It's just me. I'm testing. fred@MongoDB.com", "email" : [ "fred@MongoDB.com" ] }
使用捕获的分组来解析用户名
使用以下文档创建样本collectionfeedback
:
db.feedback.insertMany([ { "_id" : 1, comment: "Hi, I'm just reading about MongoDB -- aunt.arc.tica@example.com" }, { "_id" : 2, comment: "I wanted to concatenate a string" }, { "_id" : 3, comment: "How do I convert a date to string? Contact me at either cam@mongodb.com or c.dia@mongodb.com" }, { "_id" : 4, comment: "It's just me. I'm testing. fred@MongoDB.com" } ])
要回复反馈,假设您想要解析电子邮件地址的本地部分以用作问候语中的名称。使用 $regexFindAll
结果中返回的 captured
字段,您可以解析出每个电子邮件地址的本地部分:
db.feedback.aggregate( [ { $addFields: { "names": { $regexFindAll: { input: "$comment", regex: /([a-z0-9_.+-]+)@[a-z0-9_.+-]+\.[a-z0-9_.+-]+/i } }, } }, { $set: { names: { $reduce: { input: "$names.captures", initialValue: [ ], in: { $concatArrays: [ "$$value", "$$this" ] } } } } } ] )
- 第一个阶段:
该阶段使用
$addFields
阶段向文档添加新字段names
。新字段包含在comment
字段上执行$regexFindAll
的结果:{ "_id" : 1, "comment" : "Hi, I'm just reading about MongoDB -- aunt.arc.tica@example.com", "names" : [ { "match" : "aunt.arc.tica@example.com", "idx" : 38, "captures" : [ "aunt.arc.tica" ] } ] } { "_id" : 2, "comment" : "I wanted to concatenate a string", "names" : [ ] } { "_id" : 3, "comment" : "How do I convert a date to string? Contact me at either cam@mongodb.com or c.dia@mongodb.com", "names" : [ { "match" : "cam@mongodb.com", "idx" : 56, "captures" : [ "cam" ] }, { "match" : "c.dia@mongodb.com", "idx" : 75, "captures" : [ "c.dia" ] } ] } { "_id" : 4, "comment" : "It's just me. I'm testing. fred@MongoDB.com", "names" : [ { "match" : "fred@MongoDB.com", "idx" : 28, "captures" : [ "fred" ] } ] } - 第二阶段
该阶段使用
$set
阶段和$reduce
操作符,将names
重置为包含"$names.captures"
元素的数组。{ "_id" : 1, "comment" : "Hi, I'm just reading about MongoDB -- aunt.arc.tica@example.com", "names" : [ "aunt.arc.tica" ] } { "_id" : 2, "comment" : "I wanted to concatenate a string", "names" : [ ] } { "_id" : 3, "comment" : "How do I convert a date to string? Contact me at either cam@mongodb.com or c.dia@mongodb.com", "names" : [ "cam", "c.dia" ] } { "_id" : 4, "comment" : "It's just me. I'm testing. fred@MongoDB.com", "names" : [ "fred" ] }