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聚合管道操作符

$setDifference（聚合）

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  • 定义
  • 行为
  • 例子

定义

$setDifference

获取两个集合并返回一个数组，其中包含仅存在于第一个集合中的元素； ie 执行 相对补集 第二组相对于第一组的大小。

$setDifference 通过以下语法实现：

{ $setDifference: [ <expression1>, <expression2> ] }

参数可以是任何有效的表达式，只要它们都能解析为数组即可。有关表达式的更多信息，请参阅表达式。

行为

$setDifference对数组执行集合操作，将数组视为集合。如果数组包含重复条目，$setDifference 会忽略重复条目。$setDifference 会忽略元素的顺序。

$setDifference 过滤掉结果中的重复项，以输出仅包含唯一条目的数组。 输出数组中元素的顺序未指定。

如果集合包含嵌套数组元素，$setDifference不会下降进入嵌套数组，而是在顶层计算数组。

例子
结果
{ $setDifference: [ [ "a", "b", "a" ], [ "b", "a" ] ] }
[ ]
{ $setDifference: [ [ "a", "b" ], [ [ "a", "b" ] ] ] }
[ "a", "b" ]

例子

考虑包含以下文档的 flowers 集合：

db.flowers.insertMany( [
   { "_id" : 1, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "rose", "orchid" ] },
   { "_id" : 2, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "orchid", "rose", "orchid" ] },
   { "_id" : 3, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "rose", "orchid", "jasmine" ] },
   { "_id" : 4, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "jasmine", "rose" ] },
   { "_id" : 5, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ ] },
   { "_id" : 6, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ [ "rose" ], [ "orchid" ] ] },
   { "_id" : 7, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ [ "rose", "orchid" ] ] },
   { "_id" : 8, "flowerFieldA" : [ ], "flowerFieldB" : [ ] },
   { "_id" : 9, "flowerFieldA" : [ ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "rose" ] }
] )

以下操作使用$setDifference操作符返回在flowerFieldB数组中找到但在flowerFieldA数组中未找到的元素的数组：

db.flowers.aggregate(
   [
     { $project: { flowerFieldA: 1, flowerFieldB: 1, inBOnly: { $setDifference: [ "$flowerFieldB", "$flowerFieldA" ] }, _id: 0 } }
   ]
)

操作返回以下结果：

{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "inBOnly" : [ ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "orchid", "rose", "orchid" ], "inBOnly" : [ ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "rose", "orchid", "jasmine" ], "inBOnly" : [ "jasmine" ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "jasmine", "rose" ], "inBOnly" : [ "jasmine" ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ ], "inBOnly" : [ ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ [ "rose" ], [ "orchid" ] ], "inBOnly" : [ [ "rose" ], [ "orchid" ] ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ [ "rose", "orchid" ] ], "inBOnly" : [ [ "rose", "orchid" ] ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ ], "flowerFieldB" : [ ], "inBOnly" : [ ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "rose" ], "inBOnly" : [ "rose" ] }
← $second（聚合）
$setEquals（聚合） →

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