Optimize Query Performance

Create Indexes to Support Queries

For commonly issued queries, create indexes. If a query searches multiple fields, create a 复合索引. Scanning an index is much faster than scanning a collection. The indexes structures are smaller than the documents reference, and store references in order.

db.posts.createIndex( { author_name : 1 } )

Indexes also improve efficiency on queries that routinely sort on a given field.

db.posts.createIndex( { timestamp : 1 } )

db.posts.find().sort( { timestamp : -1 } )

Because MongoDB can read indexes in both ascending and descending order, the direction of a single-key index does not matter.

Indexes support queries, update operations, and some phases of the 聚合管道.

如果满足以下条件，则 BinData 类型的索引键可以更有效地存储在索引中：

• 二进制子类型值的范围是 0-7 或 128-135，并且

• 字节数组的长度为：0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24 或 32。

Limit the Number of Query Results to Reduce Network Demand

MongoDB cursors return results in groups of multiple documents. If you know the number of results you want, you can reduce the demand on network resources by issuing the limit() method.

This is typically used in conjunction with sort operations. For example, if you need only 10 results from your query to the posts collection, you would issue the following command:

db.posts.find().sort( { timestamp : -1 } ).limit(10)

For more information on limiting results, see limit()

Use Projections to Return Only Necessary Data

When you need only a subset of fields from documents, you can achieve better performance by returning only the fields you need:

For example, if in your query to the posts collection, you need only the timestamp, title, author, and abstract fields, you would issue the following command:

db.posts.find( {}, { timestamp : 1 , title : 1 , author : 1 , abstract : 1} ).sort( { timestamp : -1 } )

For more information on using projections, see 查询返回的项目字段.

使用 $hint to Select a Particular Index

In most cases the 查询优化器 selects the optimal index for a specific operation; however, you can force MongoDB to use a specific index using the hint() method. Use hint() to support performance testing, or on some queries where you must select a field or field included in several indexes.

Use the Increment Operator to Perform Operations Server-Side

Use MongoDB's $inc operator to increment or decrement values in documents. The operator increments the value of the field on the server side, as an alternative to selecting a document, making simple modifications in the client and then writing the entire document to the server. The $inc operator can also help avoid race conditions, which would result when two application instances queried for a document, manually incremented a field, and saved the entire document back at the same time.